The Synthesis And Characterization Of Ferrocene Essays -

The Synthesis and Characterization of Ferrocene A Modern Iterative Approach to a Classical Organometallic Laboratory Experiment Pamela S. Tanner, Gennady Dantsin, Stephen M. Gross, Alistair J. Lees, Clifford E. Myers, M. Stanley Whittingham and Wayne E. Jones, Jr. [1] State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902 (Funded by the National Science Foundation) (Submitted to J. Chemical Education) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Since ferrocene is credited with the rapid acceleration of modern organotransition metal chemistry (1,2) and the cyclopentadienyl group is extensively used as a stabilizing ligand, it is only fitting that the synthesis of ferrocene be incorporated into an advanced undergraduate inorganic laboratory. In our four credit course, the students work in pairs and have the opportunity to select six experiments from a total of nine. Three of these experiments must be selected from the area of materials chemistry and the topics include the synthesis of anhydrous CrCl3, a high temperature superconductor, the ZSM-5 zeolite and the lithium intercalation of WO3. Three wet experiments are also selected. These include the synthesis of W(CO)4, metal complexes of DMSO, a tris(bipyridyl)ruthenium complex, ferrocene, and the acetylation of ferrocene. If ferrocene is selected, it must be done in conjunction with the acetylation of ferrocene and these labs make up two of the three wet labs that are done b y the student. Each lab incorporates an open ended question that the student may answer with the aid of library research or CAChe molecular modeling software with the Project Leader extension. This iterative approach builds confidence in the students ability to explore the unknown and reinforces the basic idea of the scientific method. The ferrocene synthesis has been an extremely successful and popular selection. The students enjoy the diverse technical skills acquired during this experiment. These are techniques that a student may not be introduced to again as an undergraduate and include the use of air-less glassware while working on a vacuum line, cyclic voltammetry, bulk electrolysis, thin-layer and column chromatography. In addition, the compounds are characterized by standard methods such as melting point determination, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Experiments Preparation of Ferrocene Ferrocene is synthesized with a modification of the preparation reported by Jolly (3). The yield in the reported synthesis was 93% (3). Cyclopentadiene undergoes a 4+2 cycloaddition to form dicyclopentadiene. For this reason, cyclopentadiene is usually purified before use. Dicyclopentadiene boils at 170C and cyclopentadiene boils at 42.5 C. For efficiency, the dicyclopentadiene dimer is thermally cracked using a fractional distillation apparatus in advance by the teaching assistant. While this is usually done on the day of the experiment, we have found that cyclopentadiene may be stored without significant dimerization in a foil covered container in a freezer for several days. At the beginning of the lab period, the students grind KOH in a mortar and quickly transfer it to a tared vial. KOH is hygroscopic and should be ground in small portions (2 g). A nitrogen glove bag is a worthwhile investment for this step in the procedure. In addition to protecting the students from the corrosi ve KOH, it ensures that the KOH is dry. The FeCl2.4H20 will also go into solution more effectively if it is finely ground. It is then placed in a tared vial. The pre-weighed KOH (15 g) is placed in a 100 mL (14/20) three-neck round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirring bar. 1,2-Dimethoxyethane (30 mL) is added with stirring to the KOH. One side of the neck is stoppered and the other is connected to a vacuum line through a gas adapter. While the mixture is slowly stirred and the flask is being purged with a stream of nitrogen, the cyclopentadiene (2.75 mL) is added. The resulting solution is rose colored. The main neck is then fitted with a pressure equalizing dropping funnel (25 mL) with its stopcock open. In a second one neck round bottom flask that is fitted with a septum, FeCl2.4H20 (3.25 g) and DMSO (12.5 mL) are stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere to dissolve the FeCl2.4H20. After about five minutes, the stopcock is closed and the FeCl2 solution is added to the pressure equalizing dropping funnel. The reaction mixture in the three-neck flask is stirred vigorously and the purging with nitrogen is continued. After about ten minutes, the stopper is placed

rainbow essays

rainbow essays Rainbows A rainbow is one of our atmospheres most exquisite and marvelous creations; "one of the most spectacular light shows observed on earth" (Ahrens, 1998). When a person views a rainbow, they are getting a personal light show that no other person can see as they do. Humphreys points out that: "Since the rainbow is a special distribution of colors (produced in a particular way) with reference to a definite point - the eye of the observer - and as no single distribution can be the same for two separate points, it follows that two observers do not, and cannot, see the same rainbow." (Humphreys, 1929). Of course, a camera lens will record an image of a rainbow which can then be seen my many people (Lynds, 1995). A rainbow is essentially made up of seven brilliant colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet; moreover, it is comprised of many coloration that the eyes cannot see. No painter can manufacture the colors of the rainbow, for they create color by mixing, but no mixing will give red, green, or purple. These are the colors of the rainbow, though between the red and the green an orange color is often seen (Aristotle, 350 BC). To understand how the awesome production of a rainbow occurs is a feat of physics and mathematics. The two most important ingredients are light and drops of water. The manner and position in which the light and water droplets transverse, and the reactions between the two, are complex formulas of nature. Additionally, certain circumstances make it possible for a rainbow to occur. You cannot have a rainbow without some source of light. It is possible to create an artificial rainbow utilizing artificial light, but for this paper, I will only use instances and circumstances of naturally occurring light which produce naturally occurring rainbows. The sun is natures primary source of rainbow creating light; however, occasionally, the light of the moon can produce a rainbow. For a lunar...

Optimal Cognitive Development With the Help of Play Research Paper

Optimal Cognitive Development With the Help of Play - Research Paper Example A potential example of learning according to Piaget’s theory is in a kindergarten classroom. It is noteworthy here that in the kindergarten classroom, children are in the preoperational stage in which, they are egocentric. When a teacher in the kindergarten classroom asks the students to discuss their activity when it snows outside, different children share different thoughts; some might say that they like to make snowmen while others might say that they like making snow angels. None of these responses can be regarded as incorrect because these responses are grounded in children’s personal experiences of being outside in the snow. Such a discussion in the kindergarten classroom helps the children visualize and realize different activities that can be performed out in the snow with the information provided by their fellow classmates. Children in the kindergarten classroom think that the only correct answer to the teacher’s question is theirs since they are egocent ric. It is extremely important to realize different ways of employing the theories of cognitive development. Teachers can use Piaget’s cognitive theory of play in the kindergarten classroom to help the students become master learners. Major components of Piaget’s theory of play will be evidenced in my classroom through the division of the classroom into different centres or sections, each for a different type of play, as well as one where different types of plays can be organized in combination. For example, children will be given musical instruments like pianos and guitars to play.

Humorous exhumation hypocrisy in Moliere's Tartuffe Essay

Humorous exhumation hypocrisy in Moliere's Tartuffe - Essay Example For an instance, the US involvement in the Iraq War can be described satirically as following: Mr. Bush, the President, along with his whole Army led an enterprise in Iraq to beat in the bush. But what he got there ultimately kept him busy with beating about the bush in America. Finally, the innocent Americans with blood-washed hands raised their voice: â€Å"Mr. Bush! Will you please stop beating around the bush? Now It is time to hear about the truth!† The salient ingredients of satire are humor, criticism and moral tone. The object of satire can be any foul and objectionable idea, concept and practice in either an individual or a group. The main literary tool of satire is the use of both sarcastic and mild ironies, sarcasm, exaggeration, etc. But sarcastic satires often pivot on bitterly cynical denunciation that tends to injure its intellectual brilliance. For example, if one says, â€Å"Once upon a time, in Iraq the Americans would chop the tender Iraqi boys and girls and prepared the dishes for the leaders†. This line is not satirical; rather it is sarcastic because it lacks humor as well as wit. Yet a satire can refer to some socially acknowledged taboos such as obscene sexuality, invectives against religion, etc. Griffin Dustin defines satire as following: Satire is a wit contest, a kind of game in which the participants do their worst for the pleasure of themselves and their spectators. . . . If the exchange of insults is serious on one side, playful on the other, the satiric element is reduced. (Dustin 23) Indeed a satire attacks foolishness, follies, vices, wrongs, etc by making fun of them wittily. Moliere’s â€Å"Tartuffe† is such a successful satire that humorously criticizes the religious hypocrisy during the latter half of the Seventeenth Century. Moliere has declared the moral purpose of the play in bold line in the preface of the play: â€Å"distinguish clearly the character of the hypocrite from that of the truly devout man† (Moliere 2). On the surface level, he depicts Tartuffe as a devoutly religious character. But the underlying message of the play is that Tartuffe is ultimately a fraud under the religious apparel. Obviously in the play, the object of his satire is to criticize the late seventeenth century religious hypocrisy with humor and wit. The most remarkable passage that is significant for its role in the satire as a whole is as following: Your husband? Why concern about that rube? He drinks in every story like a boob! If he caught us, en flagra nte, that dull lout, He'd offer up to God a joyful shout! And even when he realized, that clown, He'd chastise you, be careful of your gown! (Act IV Scene V) This passage -in fact, one of Tartuffe’s speeches- is the most precious part of the satire as a whole. Its satirical role is double-folds. On one hand, it exhumes the filthy nature of Tartuffe before his most devout follower, Oregon, who is hiding beneath the table. Indeed such exhumation of Tartuffe’s fraudulence before his most obedient devotee significantly refers to the witty and humorous exhumation of the hypocrisy of Moliere’s contemporary religious institution. On the other hand, it criticizes the blind faith of Oregon, generally the commoners while evoking the convulsion of laughter of the audience. Obviously Oregon stands for the death of common sense that is an essential part of a satire. At the beginning of the play he has been fooled by Tartuffe and remains befooled till this episode. Therefore this passage also contains the moral and pedagogic part of Moliere’s satire. Here Moliere opens Oregon’s as well as the audience’s eyes. In this passage, it is as clear as broad daylight to both Oregon and the

WA3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WA3 - Assignment Example Halmann and Steinberg (1) explain that Earth has blanket like atmospheres that prevent heat from the solar radiation directed from the sun to the earth. The authors point out that the atmosphere maintains the temperature of the earth at 15 degrees Celsius. However, without atmosphere, the temperatures would have been lower, approximately -19 degrees Celsius. This fact can be explained clearly from the lower surface temperatures of the moon. The moon has no atmosphere making it inhabitable, unlike the earth. The earth surface is warm due to blanket like atmosphere; the atmosphere is created by gases in the atmosphere of the earth. The gases are referred to as greenhouse gases because their capability to trap heat. Some of the gases behind the earth’s atmosphere are carbon dioxide and water vapor. Other greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide and methane (Greenhouse Effect). Some of the greenhouse gases mentioned above are carbon dioxide and water vapor. Carbon dioxide CO2 as name suggest has a carbon atom and two-oxygen atoms. Two atoms of oxygen are bonded to CO2. As a molecule, all the three atoms are bonded making it easy to absorb energy from the sun inform of infrared radiation. The infrared radiation is absorbed by the molecule and so the molecule vibrates. Vibrating molecule loses the previously absorbed radiation easily which in turn another molecule absorbs it. This goes in the cycle and in the end the infrared radiation is not lost, therefore, the surface of the earth is kept warm. Nitrous oxide, methane and water vapor does the same as carbon dioxide. Their molecules absorb and lose heat because they are loosely bounded to compound atoms (Greenhouse Effect). Greenhouse gases previously in 19th century were seen as natural functioning gases with positive effects. However, in mid 20th-century people became more concern with greenhouse gases due change of climate and increasing temperatures. Some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide,

The Glass Menagerie Title Meaning

The Glass Menagerie Title Meaning Even though the familys relationship towards one another in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is both dysfunctional, and questionable you begin to see a deeper meaning to which the title of the story foreshadows. The story begins with the family having supper. As this dinner continues we learn that they are in a single parent household with a mother, Amanda, who is stuck in her youth, a son, Tom, who is trying to separate himself from the dysfunction of his mother, and a daughter, Laura, who has a physical handicap that hinders her from taking part in normal activities including interacting with people. But as the story moves along Laura is somewhat broken out of her shell, Tom moves out, and Amanda develops a closer relationship with her daughter. The title The Glass Menagerie seems to suggest transparency, fragileness, and special attention and care which describe exactly what this family is and needs. Reading the play and basing it in relations to the title it is clear tha t the title has more meaning then meets first glance. Some may argue that the title has no relation what so ever to the play because of things like, who is the mains character? and how the title does not help in defining the underline meaning of the play? These points may very well be true but the question is asked, why is The Glass Menagerie a good title? The glass menagerie is a good title because it leaves a certain mystery to the story, it suggests deeper aspects to the characters in relation to life, and it gives depth to the characters. Â  In the story there is a scene between Tom and Amanda when they are having a confrontation about Tom and where he goes when he leaves home after work. As the argument is escalading Lauras class menagerie breaks. Glass is both fragile and delicate which seems to describe Tom and his mothers relationship, and the breaking of the glass comes at a time when there own relationship cracks. The mystery is why this glass? Why the glass menagerie at this particular time? The suggestive mystery would seem to be the fact they are in some ways like the glass animals and are in cased in a glass case making them venerable, fragile and easily broken. The titles mystery is not just towards the characters weakness, but the mystery of the titles relation to life. It is clear to point out the irrelevance of Amandas Scarlett OHara attitude, toms get away attitude, and Lauras over the top shyness, but there behaviors are not totally irrelevant to real life. At the beginning of the play Tom says I reverse it to that quaint period, the thirties, when the huge middle class of America was matriculating in a school for the blind.(282-83) Tom gave insight to a time period when the economy is struggling due to the great depression. Life in that time was harder, and for Amanda being the only parent in her household it was even tougher. Her reverting back to her past is not at all for fetched or uncommon. Humans tend to go back to happier times in there lives so they are able to cope with the present. All the characters found ways to cope with there situations whether it was skipping school or going to the movies. Lauras defect gave her server introversion that most people suffer from, especially those in her position, and Toms itch to get out of the nes t stems from him getting older and not being able to experience what young men his age do. The weak time period and the fragileness of the economy fit the title and its relevance to life and add a certain depth to each character. The underline meaning of the title helps to add depth to the characters. With out the title the play and its characters would be just that, characters. Because the play uses real life situations it makes it easier to relate to the characters and actually understand each of them. Tom says at the end of the story I didnt go to the moon, I went much further-for time is the longest distance between places.(329) By Tom saying this it shows that these characters are deep and aspire for more then given. By Tom being the narrator he represents all the characters and there insight of how they perceive the world around them. As the play comes to an end you see the characters evolve from being associated from being in a glass case to finding there way out of that enclosure. The Glass Menagerie is no longer a relic or just a title about a glass case, but instead a window into the characters lives. Even through The Glass Menagerie is a great title for such a deep play. Some would not agree that The Glass Menagerie is a good title. Amandas fascination with the past, Lauras inferiority complex (321), and Toms urge to get out is as transparent as the title and is simple as deep as either of the characters get. This could be understood to be true because this family obviously has been this way for quit sometime and there depth cannot be seen pass there ways. Although they seem to not be as deep or as transparent as the title suggest, still there are moments where you are inclined to believe that there is more to them. You see that Amandas reasonings to live in the pass is based on her present and because of that she wants her kids have better lives then she has. Toms unhappiest causes him to write poems, and narrate the play so we are able to understand and know what the familys current situation is about and could find a relation to them and our own lives. Lauras shyness and her b lossoming at the end of the play shows how much more she is as a character and how she is the most important figure in what the title has to do with the play. The more you begin to look out side the box and the more you look at the play for meaning instead of logic the more you see that the title is more interesting then any other title put in its place. Tennessee Williams takes a look into the world of an under class family in the 1930s who have many issue that they may or may not be aware of, and puts it in the fore front so that the readers can feel what these characters feel. He has a mother play both parents because of their broken household and gives her an outlet from her current situation which is recapturing her youth. He brings forth a son who sees his broken family and cannot help or fight the urge to get away so he retreats to watch movies or to drink, and a daughter who is physically handicap and is letting this disability whole her back for becoming the women she should be, and the beauty she should feel. These characters give insight to what is real and ultimately the end to happily ever after. But for this to be bought to anyones attention the title of the story has to be up to pare with what the author is trying to accomplish, and the point that is trying to be proven. Though some argue that choosing The Glass Menage rie as the title of this play gives no meaning to what the plays message truly is, this title makes perfect sense. We are quick to judge what we do not understand therefore to some it would not, but this title goes beyond just words and focus on the meaning. The Glass Menagerie means glass is easily broken, can have cracks, and makes even the tiniest flaws visible, but it can always be repaired. What we see looking in is not whats really going on, but it is what is done to break that glass and let that something out is whats more important.

Essay --

Book Review of January by: Elizabeth Nguyen 8B â€Å"Henry Ford† by Regina Z. Kelly is a non-fiction biography, which follows the life of a clever man born in a town called Greenfield Township, Michigan. This book revolves around Henry’s personal life, his successes, and the problems he faced. Henry was born on July 30, 1863. Over the years, Henry always had a small talent creating and fixing devices. Although he was never the best at literature, he usually found an interest in mechanical things as he grew up. He detested farming, but loved how mechanics worked. In 1879, he decided that he wanted to go work in a mechanic shop in Detroit. He started in the Michigan Car Company, and as the years passed he worked at others, like the Edison Illuminating Company, ran by Thomas Edison. On New Year’s Eve in 1885, Henry met an eighteen year old girl named Clara Bryant, who he soon married three years later. Clara was one of the key people in this book, by being a great supporter to his ideas, even if they seemed unbelievable. Especially the one about the â€Å"horseless carriage.† It was an idea that Henry had thought of. He wanted to create an automobile that wasn’t dependant on horses but rather something better. He soon began to undertake experiments to tr y to create his first automobile. When he personally met Thomas Edison, he gained his approval of Henry’s first automobile he made, and from that day, they grew a strong relationship with each other. They always supported and spent quality time with each other. After resigning from the Edison Illuminating Company in August 15, 1899, The Ford Motor Company was incorporated in 1903 with him and along with others. The Fo... ...gh man who was an executive of the business. Not many people liked him; Henry was only one of his close friends. For me, I would recommend this to other people only under a few circumstances. I find that biographies wouldn’t be a first choice for me, since I’m not really fond with them, unless it’s anyone I find intriguing. Yet, some people may be up for this type of book ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€ personal preference right? Ideally, the ones who enjoy biographies that tell the experiences of people who made an impact on the world would like this. But also, anyone who’s inspired to be a mechanic or a business person would enjoy this book, as they can get an idea of what might be happening in a business environment. Lastly, people ages ten and up will be able to read this book. Any person younger than that may not be able to understand the vocabulary and the main purpose of this biography.

Business Process Reengineering Essay

Fundamental rethinking and radical design to achieve dramatic improvement in cost, quality, service and delivery (Hammer & Champy, 1993; Manganelli & Klein, 1994). It means that business process reengineering involves many steps that change the entire business process. This is done to reduce the cost of production of a product or service, increasing the quality, and satisfying customers by offering an excellent service and delivery. BPR can be done in four ways that are: i. Business transformation By using this way, the whole organization is changed. This includes the business process, business management and business strategies. ii. Redesign business process In this way, only the business processes are changed. Usually, the number processes will be reduced. The non value added processes are eliminated. iii. Business process change management This is the process for managing human/employee side of change. It includes the steps taken to change the management team or a project leader. iv. Redesign strategies and value added processes It means that the organization changes the business strategies and creates or improves their value added activities. Objectives of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) There are many objectives of business process reengineering. The main objective is of course to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the whole business. Listed below are the specific objectives of business process reengineering: i. To save time and cost Time can be saved once the non value added activities are removed from the process as there is fewer work process to be done. This will lead to cost saving as the cost incurred during the production will also decrease. As the cost decreases, the profit margin will be higher and it will lead to a greater income for the company. ii. To improve the quality of work By implementing business process reengineering, the fragmentation of work can be reduced. This is contributed by the fewer process involved in production. This will reduce the errors that occur in production as fewer machines or human are involved. The performance of the business process reengineering can be improved through feedback received by the users of the goods or services. iii. To satisfy customers This is also one of the objectives of implementing business process reengineering. Customers will always be the main priority. BPR will ease the customer in many ways. For instance, nowadays we no longer have to stand in a queue line while waiting to be served if we go to any bank as the number system had been introduced. This is one example of the contribution of business process reengineering for customers’ satisfaction. Advantages of Business Process Reengineering i. Lower cost Reengineering proves to be cost effective as the cost of operating after implementing BPR will decrease significantly. ii. Better use of existing staff The existing staff expertise can be retained enhance through training them at the point of implementation of BPR. iii. Increase effectiveness and efficiency As the employees are aware of the processes that they involve in that has been reduced, it also reduces the time lag between different process. Implementation of BPR Key Steps: Selection of strategic added value processes Simplify new process Once the engineering take place, organization should stop and execute the selection of idea from the above step. The top management cannot live in limbo between yes or no and what are going to do with the idea. Organize a team & workflow Assign responsibilities Train the process team Manager will act as a coaches for the workers as they do not orders but they will guide, direct, coordinate and empower the job to the workers. This involved the top management and subordinates in working together as a team. Critical success factors required to compete are identified and prioritized. Participative business makeovers reject the â€Å"top- down† approach to reengineering in favor of a middle ground, where the managers and workers come together to redesign business processes. The BPR team will be split into two parts, a design team made up of senior managers, and an execution team composed of people who will actually do the work Introduce the redesigned process These initiatives seek to provide understanding of the markets, competitors, and the position of the organization within the industry Implementation BPR Success factors Revising reward and motivation system New reward and incentive scheme must be revised as supporting BPR effort to encouraging people to endorse BPR such as introduce new job titles in order to motivate the workers to the new system implementation. The workers are a resource for an organization to manage the operation effectively. The BPR will successfully be implemented if the workers are highly motivated to the changes made. Effective communication It is needed throughout the changes process at all levels in order to ensure patience and understanding among all employees. Communication breakdown between top management and the workers tend to happen due to the significant changes in the new system. By improving a better way of communication could lead the company to successfully implemented BPR in the organization. Empowerment The organization should establish a culture which staff at all levels feel more responsible and accountable to their respective job scope. Empowerment will make the staff feel more appreciative of their work when the organization give them the authority which in other means recognized and appreciate their work towards the success of the organization. The staff also will be able to set their goals and monitor their own performance thus supporting the implementation of BPR. Management of risk BPR involves radical changes to several systems in organization. Continuous risk assessment is needed throughout the implementation process to ensure the BPR success. The calculation of risk will help the organization in decision making regarding BPR implementation. Aligning BPR strategy with corporate strategy As corporate strategy determines objectives and guidance on how the organizational capabilities can be best utilised to gain competitive position, BPR strategy guides the alteration of tasks into integrated process. It also must accompanied by strategic planning in order to be successful in the long run. Kaizen Costing Introduction Kaizen costing also has a Japanese heritage. It comes from the combination of the Japanese characters ‘kai’ and ‘zen’ which mean ‘change’ and ‘good,’ respectively. The word ‘Kaizen’ translates to ‘continuous improvement’ or ‘change for the better’ and aims to improve productivity by making gradual changes to the entire manufacturing process. Masaki Imai known as the â€Å"Lean Guru† and the father of Continuous Improvement (CI) Masaaki Imai has been a pioneer and leader in spreading the Kaizen philosophy all over the world. Understand Kaizen Costing To understand Kaizen costing, one first needs to grasp standard costing methodology. The typical standard costing approach works by designing a product first, and computing costs by taking into account material, labour and overhead. The resulting figure is set as the product cost. The standard cost is set and revised on a yearly basis. Cost deviation analysis involves checking to see whether the projected cost estimates tally with the final figures. Manufacturing procedures are assumed to be static. In example, approach centres around recognizing that employees who work on a particular job are aware of how that particular task can be greatly improved. Employees are treated as valuable sources of viable solutions, an approach that differs greatly from the standard cost system that views employees as labourers with variable performance levels. Goals In order to properly implement Kaizen principals for process improvement, there are four goals towards reaching successful implementation of Kaizen: 1. To ensure that actual production cost are less than the prior year cost. 2. To reduce the difference between profit estimates and target profits (every department in the company makes an effort to introduce operational changes on a daily basis). 3. Analyzing every part of the process and generating ideas on how they can be further improved. 4. Kaizen costing takes into account aspects such as time-saving strategies, employee efficiency and wastage reduction. Advantages Focus on customers Kaizen permits no middle ground its either you provide best products and customer satisfaction or not. All the activities should aim at providing customer with whatever he wants and should help the firm long term objective of customer’s satisfaction at the same time building up good relationship. It is a responsibility of each and every person working in a Kaizen company to make sure that the product is up to the mark and it satisfies customers need. Make improvements continuously In order to search for excellence just does not end. We should work on the improvement implemented and see if we can make it even more effective. Acknowledge problems openly Every company has certain problems related to finance, competition, change in demand etc. Kaizen companies are no exception, but by fostering an appropriately supportive, constructive culture it becomes easier for any team to get its problem in the open. The whole organization works as a team to solve the problem. The problems are openly shared by the management with the employees which avoids rumours. It simply means â€Å"FIGHT WITH YOUR PROBLEMS DON’T RUN AWAYFROM THEM†. Promote openness There seems to be less functional ring fencing i.e. only the senior managers have private cabins. Otherwise the workplace is generally open and in many companies even the dress code and canteen for everyone is the same Create work teams Each individual in a Kaizen company belongs to work team headed by a leader. Working in various overlapping teams draws employees into corporate life and reinforces the mutual understanding. Cross- functional teams Kaizen states that no individual or team has all the required skill and knowledge to complete a task. Cross-functional teams help in getting all the valuable information’s from the view of all the related people. It calls for letting ideas to flow as wide as running on moon. Disadvantages Reluctant to change Most employees do not like changes as it will lead them to a new style of working Too much suggestion may lead to confusion and time wastage. By giving the opportunities to help in getting all the suggestion from the view of all the related people, they may be confuse to focus what are the best way to follows and also required a lot of time in considering which ways is the beneficially to them. Real life example: A Case Study of New Kaizen Activities at Tahara plant (Toyota) This type of costing was used by Japanese automobile companies (Toyota). The assembly line at Tahara plant was reorganized in 1995 clearly following the new concept realized first at Toyota Kyushu. However it was the assembly section itself that conceived this new assembly line, taking the initiative in product design and reconstruction of the assembly line. It began in 1991 where the revision in 1995 of the Hilux Surf (sports utility) being assembled and the assembly of another sports utility (Land Cruiser Prado) from 1996 were planned. On the basis of discussions held in the Committee above mentioned, the director of this assembly plant suggested to his assembly section’s manager (section chief) to prepare the revision of this sports utility by searching for an ideal assembly line. He then started to conceive it and organize engineers, â€Å"try team† staff, chief leaders and group leaders so that everyone would collaborate in order to realize an ideal assembly line about which he did not have any clear conception. Then he fixed the orientation toward the reconstruction of his assembly line as follows: Construct an assembly shop where the workers can work easily and execute  their operations â€Å"rhythmically†; Organize a human centered Toyota Production System; Form a kaizen mind of everyone so that he/she willingly does kaizen. The section chief thought that if the assembly shop were organized in such a way, it would also contribute to increase production efficiency assuring quality and security, and then to reduce costs. There were many problems to solve, which necessitated the collaboration of the product manager of these models, Product Engineering Design Sections, Production Engineering Division as well as those of Araco and Hino (Araco designs the body of Land Cruiser Prado; Hino, that of Hilux Surf whereas Toyota develops their chassis). In fact, the conception of new assembly line could not be developed without modifying vehicle structures and parts designs of these models. Comparison between BPR and Kaizen approach. Re-engineering Kaizen Type of process Work best: cross organizational boundaries as complex interrelationship of variables. Work best: with well defined boundaries. Degree of change Incremental or radical and usually affect an entire integrated process. Incremental or radical but usually only affect a limited sub process at a time. Speed Generally implemented in a big bang changeover Generates immediately noticeable and measurable changes Acceptance High risk of things reverting back to the way they were soon after the consultants leave. Since the people that actually do the work are the ones making the changes – acceptance are very high. Cost Often involves expensive technologies, computers, and other system. Most â€Å"lean† changes are inexpensive or even free. Technology Reengineering project is often led by computer consultants. Most â€Å"lean† methods minimize or even eliminate reliance on technology with a preference toward visual methods and simplification. Similarities of Business Process Reengineering and Kaizen Approach i. They increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the way the organization operates. ii. These two approaches focus on lowering cost. iii. Customers’ satisfaction is always the goal for these two strategic management accounting approaches. Conclusion The Business Process Reengineering is the process of redesigning the business processes and the associated systems and organizational structures to achieve a dramatic change in the whole business process and performance. On the other hand, Kaizen is a small improvements and changes for a better for business process and performance. It must be accompanied by change of method. Business Process Reengineering is a â€Å"project† with a defined beginning and ending. Kaizen is a never ending process.

The Civil War essays

The Civil War essays On paper the North was far stronger than the South. It had two and a half times as many people, and it possessed far more ships, miles of railroad, and manufacturing enterprises. Southerners, however, had the advantage of fighting on home ground with better military leadership. But Union superiority in manpower was not so great as the gross figures suggest. Half a million people scattered from Dakota to California, could make no substantial contribution to Union strength. And every year Union regiments were sent to the West to fight Indians. Hundreds of thousands of Americans in loyal border states and in southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois worked or fought for southern independence. Though, every state furnished men for the other side, there was little doubt that more Federals than Confederates The South had superior officer personnel. For twenty years before Lincoln's inauguration, southern officers had dominated the U.S. Army. Another source of southern confidence was cotton. Secession leaders expected to exchange that staple for the foreign manufactured goods they The South's most important advantage was that it had only to defend relatively short interior lines against invaders who had to deal with long lines of communication and to attack a broad front. The Confederacy also had no need to divert fighting men to tasks such as garrisoning captured cities and holding conquered territory. In a short war, numerical superiority would not have made much of a difference. As the war continued, however, numerical strength became a psychological as well as a physical weapon. During the closing years of the conflict, Union armies, massed at last against critical strongholds, suffered terrible casualties but seemed to grow stronger with every defeat. Any staggering Confederate losses sapped the southern will to fight. Every ...

Fantastic Mr Fox Essay Essays

Fantastic Mr Fox Essay Essays Fantastic Mr Fox Essay Paper Fantastic Mr Fox Essay Paper In times of huge discord. a child’s relationship with their parents becomes more of import. As a child’s universe is turned upside down. they cleaving to the familiar as agencies of self-identification and find in confounding fortunes. But when parent kid relationships become unhealthy. a child’s sense of individuality is damaged as they struggle to rectify their sense of ego without clear function theoretical accounts to follow. In peculiar. relationships between parents and kids of the same gender carry with them gendered ideals of ego and individuality that farther strain the relationship between the parent and kid. Both Fantastic Mr. Fox and Maus look at male parent boy relationships that are under huge strain. and how the characters discover their individualities through working their troubled relationships out. Throughout both of these plants. there is a subject of self-discovery as the agencies of bettering relationships and the moral of each narrative is that to understand genuinely each other. one must foremost understand oneself. The movie adaptation/imagination of Roald Dahl’s Fantastic Mr. Fox deviates from the beginning stuff in positive ways and introduces an interesting father-son subplot between the titular supporter and his boy ( s ) . At the start of the movie. Mr. Fox and his boy Ash have troubles pass oning with each other. An ambitious and upward believing single. Mr. Fox is less than thrilled with his son’s wiry frame and deficiency of athletic ability. Ash falls short of the â€Å"ideal† athletic masculine original that Mr. Fox likes to believe of himself as. so when the of course athletic Kristofferson comes to remain with the Foxes. Mr. Fox of course gravitates towards a father-son relationship with Kristofferson. : This causes Ash to experience tenseness and green-eyed monster because he sees Kristofferson as a challenger for his father’s attending. As the film progresses and Mr. Fox’s schemes for advancement Begin to take form. he involves first Kristofferson. due to his natural athletic ability. further intensifying the rift between Ash and his male parent. It gets to the point that Ash is willing to put on the line his life on his father’s rip-offs merely to gain his regard because he believes that his male parent values Kristofferson more than his â€Å"different† boy. This desire for his father’s attending is diminished well when Fox’s scheming and larceny necessarily conveying the farmer’s wrath down on the animate beings. The base that Ash placed his male parent on is broken and Ash decides to halt seeking to be his male parent and alternatively encompass the aspects of his character that makes him† different† . This leads to greater self-actualization for Ash who utilizes his unconventional endowments in clip to salvage his father’s life and get the better of the husbandmans. What is of import to observe here is that Ash’s self-discovery comes as a he breaks free of his father’s outlooks and comes to accept himself as a unique and of import person in his ain right. His male parent comes to accept Ash non for conforming to his ain ideals but for encompassing his individualism. Ash’s relationship with his male parent merely strengthens and deepens when Ash comes into his ain as a individual. Ash’s development and self-discovery comes in malice of his interaction with his male parent and their relationship merely matures as Ash develops his ain character. Both Mr. Fox and Ash discover themselves through understanding one another ; one time Mr. Fox discards his mid-life crisis and Ash makes peace with his eccentricities. both are capable of holding a healthy relationship with each other. The same father-son tenseness fuels character development in Maus. as the relationship between Art Spiegelman and his male parent. Vladek. develops over the class of this in writing novel. Though Maus is chiefly focused on Vladek’s ain Holocaust narration. the interaction with his son Art does non happen until after the Holocaust has happened. therefore colourising Vladek’s reading of the universe. Art provinces. â€Å"In some ways. my male parent didn’t survive the Holocaust† . Vladek’s experiences impact his worldview to the point where he has trouble associating to his boy. who merely can non conceive of the things Vladek had to make to last. This spread in understanding thrusts the struggle between the characters as Art struggles to acquire away from his father’s presence in order to set up an individuality for himself as an creative person. But nevertheless hard he tries. traveling on with his life demands that he understands his male parent. something that Art has ever found hard. I mean. I can’t even make any sense out of my relationship with my male parent †¦ how am I supposed to do sense out of Auschwitz? †¦ 0f the Holocaust? † . While these inquiries linger with Art and the reader long after the concluding page ( mostly because such mindless calamity defies comprehension ) . in working with his male parent to grok his narrative. Art begins to understand his male parent better. In making so. Art is able to do peace with his male parent and get down building his ain individuality as something other than a reaction to his male parent and the agony he endured. Art moves by simply rejecting the force per unit area his male parent puts on him. accepting his father’s battle and in the procedure their relationship is strengthened. Art and Vladek help each other to travel on with their lives to differing grades and in the procedure turn closer to one another as more complete persons. Both Mr. Fox and Vladek care about their kids and truly desire to make right by them but both are coping with their ain issues of individuality in the thick of personal crises manner beyond the comprehension of their boies. Similarly. Ash and Art’s ain sense of self-suffering. due to the strained relationships they had with their parents come into drama. In order for any sort of healthy relationship to be. meaningful self-discovery and self-actualization is necessary on the portion of both persons. The inspiriting message to take away from these narratives is that a meaningful parent-child relationship can non be between persons who themselves are uncomplete. The parent and the kid must first look to their â€Å"inner selves† to do themselves more personally complete before they can truly bask a meaningful and fulfilling parent-child relationship.

Puritan thinking and eighteenth-century deist thinking Essay

Puritan thinking and eighteenth-century deist thinking - Essay Example The puritan philosophy emphasize on individual freedom and liberties of the common man (Vaughan, 1). The protests of the puritans against the influential power of the Pope exerted a spirit of liberty in other aspects besides theology. The demand for educated clergy brought about encouragement both in politics and intellectual life. Throughout history it has been suggested that the â€Å"Puritan concentration of attention upon the Bible had a remarkable educative effect on many minds† (Stimson, 323). The puritans believe that religion must have the ability to have both intellectual and emotional influence on people. Their demand for reasoning called for a higher intellectual life and activity (Stimson, 323). The most commonly known philosophy of the eighteenth-century deism is that it is God who created the world but thereafter He has not exercised any control over worldly events. In other words, a deist is someone who believes that there is a divine creator but at the same time rejects any divine intervention. According to deism philosophy, â€Å"human reason alone can give us everything we need to know to live a correct moral and religious life† (Craig, 853). There is however one group of deists who believe that God or the divine creator has a future world that stores rewards and punishments for human deeds in the current world. However, the other group rejects this philosophy. There is one common agreement between both groups that claim that only human reasoning can provide answers to questions of life and death, and there is no divine power to provide answer to religious questions that cannot be discovered by human reasoning. Deism emerged during the seventeenth and eighteent h centuries mostly in England, France and America (Craig, 853). Both puritans and deists believe in the God as creator of this world, but the difference lies in

Field Trip Report Lab Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Field Trip - Lab Report Example More than fifty percent of the wetlands found in the world are known to have disappeared as from 1900. As such a variety of conservation efforts have been put in place so as to preserve this crucial environmental asset. A wetland is any area that is known to hold water either permanently or temporarily. Some wetlands only hold water for a short period of one or two months during spring while others hold water all year-round. Some of the types of wetlands include fens, marshes, mangroves, swamps, and bogs. The main objective of this trip was to give the students a chance to take note of the wetland ecosystems and urban forests birds in the surrounding area. The trip would thus help the students develop an understanding and appreciation of biodiversity and natural habitats. The field trip was carried out on April 11 (Saturday), 2015 between 9:30 AM – 12:00 AM. There were three different wetlands studied during the field trip. The weather was sunny with no cloud that was very favorable for the excursion. The first wetland was H shape and was identified at 9:30 AM. Located at 31.1941 N and 120.4430 E, it measured 128.8 M in length and 86M in width. The green alga, phragmites, and other insects existed in this wetland. The air temperature at this wetland was 18 C and the water temperature at 16.4 C, and the PH was 8.94. Other measurements taken at this wetland were 0.33 mg ammonia, 1.39mg nitrogen, 271.3 water conductivity and 9.54 dissolved oxygen. The second wetland was seen at 10:30 AM and located at 31.1942 N and120.4440 E. The length of this wetland was 240 M and width of 190M. The temperature recorded was 18.5 C for air and 14C for water. Green alga and dragonflies lived at this wetland whose dissolved oxygen level was 6.41 and conductivity a t 246.5. The PH was recorded at 10.47 and ammonia and nitrogen levels at 0.47 mg and 2.23 mg respectively. The last wetland was identified at 11:19 AM. Located at 31.1939 N and