Identifying Individual Preferences in the Airline Industry

Transportation services are becoming more common and broadly used in recent decade, in line with the advancement of technology. Generally, transportation services can be divided into three groups: water transportation, land transportation and air transportation (Gee, Choy, & Makens, 1984). Airline industry, which this essay focusing on, is one of the discoveries of newest innovations in the travel services sector. It has been developed so much in recent year to operate more effectively. Not only guarantee a safe journey to the destination place, the airline companies are now trying to create a competition in the market by providing the best services to the travellers and offering competitive prices (Hensher & Louviere, 1983). Those strategies are aimed to attract more consumers to travel by their airline companies. This essay will discuss the theories of consumer economics and their applications in the real consumer issues in airline industry, mainly on the factors that changing the consumer demand of airplane ticket, as well as the underlying reasons of why consumers prefer some particular airlines to the others. Furthermore, the behaviour of different types of consumers toward the choice of different airlines will also be discussed here. In observing those issues, this paper will focus on two airline companies: Singapore Airlines and Jetstar. The price data were obtained from a single route from Melbourne to Singapore. The core idea in analysing consumer behaviour in making choices in the economic activity, mainly in the airline industry, is because of their limited incomes and unlimited wants. Those then lead to trade-offs and opportunity costs. Consumers in the airline industry could be divided into two groups, which are business and pleasure travellers. Elasticity is the percentage change in one variable resulting from a 1-percent increase in another (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 2009). When the price elasticity is greater than 1 in magnitude, we say that demand is price elastic because the percentage decline in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage increase in price. If the price is less than 1 in magnitude, the demand is said to be price inelastic. Graph 1. Elastic and inelastic demand (Inelastic demand) (Elastic demand) In this case, elastic demand of airline industry is exceptionally unstable because it depends on the market conditions such as inflation, terrorists attack and price oil. In airline industry, price elasticity demand is considered both elastic and inelastic (Yahoo Voices, 2008). An elastic demand is in relation travel for pleasure. Pleasure travellers are extremely sensitive to the price of the travel. An inelastic demand is in relation for business travel. Business travels have little effect for increase in price of the travel. Income elasticity of demand measures the degree of responsiveness of demand of a good to a change in consumers’ income. It has equation of : EI=[ΔQ/Q]/[ ΔI/I]=[I/Q]*[ ΔQ/ ΔI]. Airplane ticket is normal good as it has a positive income elasticity, which means when consumers’ income increase the consumption of ticket will increase as well. Cross elasticity of demand measures the degree of responsiveness of demand of one good to a change in the price of another good. It is shown in the equation: EQ1P2 = [ΔQ1/Q1] / [ΔP2/P2] = [P2/Q2]*[ΔQ1/ ΔP2]. If airplane ticket and other consumption (i.e. food and cloths) are considered as a group, there will be a positive cross-price elasticity, which tells us that if the price of one good (other consumption or ticket) goes up, the demand for the other good goes up as well. Consumer behaviour analysis attempts to understand the consumers’ allocation of incomes among different goods and services to maximize their well-being. It consist of three distinct aspects: consumer preferences, describing the reasons why people might prefer one good to another; budget constraints, reflecting consumers’ limited incomes that restrict the quantities of goods they can buy; and consumer choices, which are the combination of the consumer preferences and budgets constraints (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 2009). There are some basic assumptions made in observing consumer preferences in the airline industry. First, preferences are assumed to be complete. Complete means that consumers are able to compare and rank all possible market baskets. However, this assumption ignores costs. Second, preferences are transitive or consistent. And third, â€Å"more is better than less† since goods are assumed to be desirable. Indifference curve represents all combinations of market baskets which provide consumer with same level of satisfaction (Pindyck & Rubinfeld, 2009). Indifference curve and utility functions (set of indifference curves) are used to analyse the consumer behaviour and preferences in choosing market baskets, in which relate to consumer demand (Gould, 1973). Higher indifference curve is more preferable to the lower one because it represents higher welfare (Telhado, 2007). Moreover, indifference curves cannot intersect and the slope of each point in the indifference curve represents marginal rate of substitution (MRS), which is the maximum amount of a good that consumer is willing to give up to obtain one additional unit of another good. Indifference curves of consumers in the airline industry are assumed to be downward sloping and bowed-inward, reflecting diminishing MRS, since the demand of airplane tickets and comparable goods are both desirable. The shape of the indifference curves is different among group of consumers. Indifference curves of the first group of consumer, business travellers, are steeper than pleasure travellers. Graph 1 below shows that the business travellers’ group is willing to trade more of other consumption (a) to exchange it with an airplane ticket (b), since they need to directly travel to other place establishing business transactions. Graph 2. Indifference map for business travellers While in the graph 2, pleasure travellers is unwillingly trade more of the other consumptions in order to purchase a unit of airplane ticket (a < b). It is because they travel to seek pleasure, not urgently need to be done directly. Thus, they are more flexible in the decision making process of which airline company they want to travel with and the time of travel. Graph 3. Indifference map for pleasure travellers Along with indifference curve, there is budget constraints which restraint consumer’s consumptions due to limited incomes (Mary, 2007). Assume that the budget lines for business and pleasure travellers are equal which can be seen from graph 3 and 4 below; the steeper indifference curves for business travellers show their optimal choices between purchasing airplane tickets and other goods. Business travellers seem to purchase more airplane tickets rather than other consumptions because they want to give up more of other consumptions to obtain an additional airplane ticket. Graph 4. Indifference map and budget constraints for business travellers In contrast, for pleasure travellers, the flatter indifference curves will lead them to purchase other consumptions rather than allocating a large portion of income in purchasing airplane tickets. The tangent between indifference curve and budget constraint will be the point of maximum well-being which can be achieved. Area below the optimal point shows that the consumers are not maximising their consumption. Whilst the area above that point means the consumers do not have enough income (budget) to achieve that consumption level. Graph 5. Indifference curve for pleasure travellers In general, when there is a change in consumer’s income, there will be a parallel shift in the budget line, either downward or upward. As shown in graph below, initially, the utility-maximizing consumption choice is at A, at which point he buys X1 units of airplane ticket and Y1 units of other kinds of good. If his income increases, his budget line will shift outward, allowing him to attain the higher utility level associated with indifference curve U2 and then U3. His optimal consumption choice is at B (and then D) now. At this time, the consumer can purchase larger units of tickets (from X1 to X2 to X3). It can be seen in the income-consumption curve that the slope is upward, because as income increase, the consumption of both airplane ticket and other consumption increase. Graph 6. The effect of a change in income level On the other hand, when there is a change in product’s price and income level held constant, there will be an intercept rotation on the budget line. Recent condition in the airline industry is many companies try to attract more consumers to purchase the airline tickets from them by cutting the airfares. This strategy increases the competition level among the airline industry. The reduction in price of the air fares will result in outward rotation in the budget line on the ‘x’ axis, which represents airplane ticket. People can now purchase more airplane tickets due to lower price, representing the increase in consumers’ welfare or utility level. It is associated by the movement of indifference curve from U1 to U3 by selecting point D. At this time, consumption of ticket will increase from X1 to X3. Moreover, the slope of the second budget constraint is now decreasing, represents lower opportunity cost of obtaining a unit of airplane ticket. Graph 7. The effect of the decrease in price level In most cases, consumers would like to buy more airplane tickets as their income increases, but in some cases, the quantity demanded falls as income increases, the income elasticity of demand is negative. As shown in graph below, for relatively low levels of income (between point A and B), both Singapore Airlines and Jetstar flights are normal goods. However, as income rises, some consumers tend to buy less Jetstar tickets and more Singapore Airlines tickets as Singapore airlines has better service, food supply and in-flight entertainment system. At this time Jetstar has become an inferior good, the income-consumption curve bends backward from point B to C, which means its consumption has fallen when income has increased. Graph 8. Jetstar becomes an inferior good as income increases Even though Jetstar has been said as inferior good in some cases, in general, airline ticket is assumed as normal good. Refer to that, a decrease in the price of airline tickets due to the market competition has both income and substitution effect. As shown in the graph below, the consumer is initially at A, on budget line RS. When the price of ticket falls, consumption increases by A1A2 as the consumer move to B. Keeping real income constant, the substitution effect A1E can be got when the price of ticket falls, associated with a move from A to D. If keeping relative price constant but increasing purchasing power, the income effect EA2 can be got, associated with a move from D to B. As airplane ticket is normal good, the income effect EA2 is positive. Therefore, the total effect of a change in ticket price is equal to the sum of the substitution effect and income effect. Graph 9. Total effect of a change in price After discussing the demand curve for individual consumer, market demand curve for airplane ticket will be shown now. It can be derived as the sum of the individual demand curve of all consumers in the market, as stated previously. As shown in graph below, the market demand curve is also slope downward as all the individual demand curves slope downward. However, the market demand curve is not a straight line. When more people choose to travel by airplane, the market demand curve will shift to the right. In addition, if most consumers in the market earn more income, as a result, their increasing demand for airplane ticket will also shift the market curve to the right. If the economic crisis breaks out as what happened several years ago, many people lose their job and the income decreased. Thus, the market demand curve for airplane ticket will shift to the left. Graph 10. The market demand curve for airplane ticket From the actual rates, Singapore Airlines has the higher average price than Jetstar. In the same time, there is a survey about the level of satisfactions of international airlines shown by the graph below. From the graph, it illustrates that Singapore Airlines has the highest satisfaction level figure. From the risk and uncertainty point of view, Singapore Airlines provides superior service and it maintains an eye on rivals’ prices and ensures it stays competitive among other airline companies. The airline cancellations and delays usually provided with explanations and apologies. This airline is also providing advantage on frequent flyer consumers such as â€Å"priority passengers’ service†. This service is suitable for business travellers as it will give them advantage in booking urgently needed flights for important meetings. This airline is also suitable for those high-income pleasure travellers as it offers great entertainment and amusement, such as popular movies with multiple language options, games and dozens of audio channels. In addition, Singapore Airlines catering supply is trying to provide varieties of meals menu which match the likely passengers’ needs. For example, there will be Indian and western food provided for subcontinent flights. Moreover, Singapore Airlines has a modern fleet and the aircrafts have been maintained with the highest standards. Thus, the cost of flights is higher which result in the higher airfares, however, safely of this airline is guaranteed. Comparing to Singapore Airlines, Jetstar offers lower price to the consumers. Their food, beverages and entertainment standard are much lower than Singapore Airlines’. Jetstar is known for having many complaints from its passengers in term of its services, such as frequent delays and cancellations of flight. Those seem to be serious problems for business travellers, as time efficiency is the main factor. However, Jetstar’s network is constantly expanding by opening flights to some new locations in Asia. Thus, Jetstar is more suitable for pleasure travellers which have shorter travel distance and not much concern about the services provided on board. As the theory of equal marginal principle states that â€Å"the utility is maximized when the consumer has equalized the marginal utility per dollar of expenditure across all goods† (Gordon, 2007), the business travellers who are not price prioritize will choose to travel with Singapore Airlines since they prefer in optimal satisfaction. However, for the pleasure travellers that prioritize the price factor will choose to travel with Jetstar which provide low price for consumers rather than best satisfaction. Graph 11. Satisfactions with International Airlines 2009-2010 Even with a high level of satisfaction, Singapore Airline has experienced a decline in market share over the last five years, as shown in Graph 13. Low-cost airlines such as Jetstar have contributed to the lack of growth for more premium airlines. Additionally, Peter von Moltke stated that â€Å"the low cost sector is a major influence in sustaining a steady growth trajectory for the global aviation industry.† (PR Newswire, 2011). Graph 12. Market share of Top 10 Airlines in Australia (Department of Infrastructure and Transport, 2012) So far, it has assumed that people’s demands for airplane ticket are individualized. That enables us to obtain the market demand curve simply by summing individuals’ demands (Kris, 2007). In real-life, however, one person’s demand always depends on other people’s demand. That is a network externality, which can be positive or negative. It is a good chance for airline companies to attract more passengers by using bandwagon effect of a positive externality. As shown in the graph below, when consumers believe more people have purchased the product, the demand curve shifts further to the right (D1 to D5). The market demand curve is found by joining the points on the individual demand curves, which can be seen that it is relatively more elastic. Suppose the ticket price falls from P1 to P2. Without bandwagon effect, the quantity demanded will increase from Q2 to Q2’. However, as more passengers choose to fly with Jetstar or Singapore Airlines and think it is worth to be the first-flying choice as it is trustworthy, the bandwagon effect increases quantity demanded further to D4. Therefore, airline companies use bandwagon effect to increase the response of demand in relevance with price change. To obtain this effect, the airline companies could target its potential segment and use advertisement to build up their brand image and reputation among the market. For example, Singapore Airlines could use ‘comfortable, quick and always on-time’ image to attract its business travellers. And for Jetstar, the image of cheap and flexible could help the company to obtain its bandwagon effect in pleasure travellers’ market. Graph 13. Bandwagon effect To conclude, the consumers’ demand of airplane ticket is affected by their income, ticket price, and the demand elasticity. Business travellers prefer to travel with Singapore Airlines, even with a higher airfare. They concern more on punctuality and the service provided and their price elasticity of demand is low. In contrast, pleasure travellers are less concerned with the quality of service provided, focusing on reaching their destination with the lowest cost. Their price elasticity of demand is high, thus, Jetstar is preferred in this case. In the intense market competition, Singapore airlines and Jetstar could use the bandwagon effect to attract more passengers by building up their own brand image.

 Benefits of encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour Essay

When it comes to behaviour it can be easy to focus on what we need to stop children from doing. The problem with this approach is that it does not help children know what they should be doing. This means that nowadays there is much more emphasis on encouraging positive behaviour . A good starting point is to think about the positive behaviour or goals that you should be encouraging in children. This may be outlined in your settings policy or you may need to observe what other staff seem to encourage. If you are working in a setting that several ages of children notice the way in which there are different expectations according to the age of the children Why encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour works 1. It helps children to learn what they need to do 2. It creates calmer environment and stronger relationships 3. Children respond well 4. Children learn from adults Skills and techniques for positive behaviour 1. Rewards 2. Attention 3. Praise 4. Star charts 5. Being given responsibility 6. Treats 7. Stickers 8. Timing 9. Explanation 10. Public acknowledged Settings for children and young people Children centres children aged 0-5yrs Day care facilcity children ages 0-5yrs A home setting children aged 0-8yrs Extended care children and young people 4-16yrs Youth activity club young 11-16yrs A reception class ks1 in a primary school A crà ¨che for children up to the age up to 5yrs Attention seeking What a child does Many children show attention seeking behaviour at times . it can be a sign of insecurity or in some cases mean that children have become used to having a lot of adult attention How to deal with it It is often best to ignore attention seeking behaviour unless it is dangerous as by challenging it you may be teaching children that they can get attention this way Biting What a child does Many toddlers bite especially if they are in group care. Biting is often linked to frustration and can become a habit How to deal with it Act immediately Give the victim attention first Once a child has bitten, it is likely that another bite will follow Behaviour problems that should be referred Biting, aggression, change of behaviour ,self-harming, bullying It is unusual for most settings to try a few strategies’ first before referring to other professionals sometimes unwanted behaviour is a result of a medical condition or learning difficulty while others might be linked to emotional difficulty that the child has table 2 shows some of the pros who may support the child and their family. GP family doctor This is often the first part of call as the family doctor will able to refer to others. Health visitor A health visitor may visit the family at home and give some advice. Educational physcologist The educational physcologist will look at the children’s learning and behaviour. Child psychiatrist A child psychiatrist will help children who may have metal health issues. Family counsellor A family counsellor may help work with whole family and child. Play therapist Children who have had some trauma may see a play therapist so that they can work on what has happened.

Foreign students and their experiences Coursework

Foreign students and their experiences - Coursework Example The researcher states that foreign students, otherwise known as international students, continue to form a greater percentage of the learning elite in countries with world-renowned educational systems in the West. Over the last one decade, the number of foreign students in the world has more than doubled, and analysts expect the figure to reach about 7 million by the year 2020. Some of the key destinations for international students are the major English speaking countries: UK, US, and Australia, which enrol nearly 1.5 million students every year, according to 2009 statistics. The major sources for the international students are the emerging economies, where improvement in the economic situations in has led to an unprecedented rise in the number of enrolments in western higher learning institutions. Major non-native English speaking source countries for the foreign students are India and China. Given the differences that exist in the English proficiency between non-native and native English speakers, many analysts believe that English proficiency affects the way students relate with their supervisors. A number of factors push the demand for foreign education. Likewise, a combination of issues and challenges are attributable to non-native English students. Besides issues to do with visa acquisitions, student loans, and cultural clashes, foreign non-native students face significant hardships adjusting to the use of native English as the dominant mode of instruction. (Wehrly, 1986). The challenges of non-native speakers and their use of English language defines the premise for this research, with a particular bend on understanding how English language proficiency affects the way students relate to their supervisors. Consequently, the cultural inclinations of native English speaking supervisors with regard to their teaching methods have overarching implication on the process, and effectiveness of learning for non-native English speaking students (De Wit, 2004). Wit h such an intricate interplay of factors the significance of English language use, against a backdrop of other factors forms an area of concern for many researchers on the subject. The goal of this report is to discuss the importance of English language for non-native students in their communications with their supervisors. Literature Review Previous research on the issues on foreign students and their experiences in Western higher learning institutions offer a good backdrop for subsequent research interest on the subject. For instance, Schmitt (2005) observes that non-native English speaking university students have about 10% the English vocabulary native speakers possess. On the other hand, non-native Englis

Central Banks and Monetary Policy Research Paper

Central Banks and Monetary Policy - Research Paper Example There are four main objectives of the central bank such as stable inflation, high and stable real growth, stable interest rates and stable exchange rates (Almoayed Group, 2007).   It will also address how the central bank monitors the money supply and the numerous tools of the monetary control will also be discussed in this study. The most significant part of this research paper is to study the association between price stability as well as other goals of the central bank. The behavior of the monetary aggregates, inflation as well as output in the context of UAE will also be discussed in a detailed way in this study. Last but not the least, the research study will endeavor to review the performance of the UAE central bank and discussion regarding interest rate as well as exchange rate stability in the UAE will be explained in brief. 1. Discuss briefly the five objectives of central banks. In their pursuit of maintaining price stability, central banks are said to manage the money su pply process. The central bank in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was set up in the year 1980 and is considered to be the chief regulatory as well as the supervisory body with regard to the overall banking industry. The central banks of the UAE are believed to exert increasingly stringent vigilance on the financial institutions. Apart from this, the main objectives of the central banks operating in the UAE region are principally concentrated on issuing currencies, suggesting the government regarding the monetary as well as the financial issues, acting as the last resort lender for the other member banks and likewise, it is held to be responsible for managing the supply of money in the market and ascertain the way an economy operates. The initial objective of the central banks have been identified as being the responsible authority is to set up and preserve financial stability within the economy or rather stable real growth. It is since central banks are known to possess quite inclusi ve information regarding the risks in terms of financial stability with the assistance of its research as well as surveillance activities. The second objective of the central banks has been stated as the exercise of its essential roles for promoting and monitoring the reliability of the various financial institutions, particularly the banks since they are known to enjoy regulatory as well as supervisory control over those institutions. The third main objective of the central banks is the application of their respective tools to make certain of the prevalence of price stability such as the functions related to the open market and the interest rates. The tools are regarded as the effectual instruments for the purpose of manipulating financial stability through the intermediary procedures along with manipulating the aspect of demand with regard to the economy (Almoayed Group, 2007). The fourth objective of the central banks is to discharge its role as the ‘lender of the last reso rt’.

Mormon Church of the Latter Day Saints Research Paper

Mormon Church of the Latter Day Saints - Research Paper Example The wise, prudent and intellectual individuals, by dint of their spiritual thoughtfulness and strong religious belief, rose to the occasion to warn and forbid the people from making alterations in the real teachings of the founders of the religion, so that the true spirit of faith could be rejuvenated out of the misconceptions and amendments inaccurately taken place with the passage of time; the Latter Day Saints Movement was also launched with the same motifs and objectives in view. Launched by Joseph Smith Jr. (1805-1844) out of some powerful, unabated and unremitting spiritual inspirations, the movement was determined to give up and eradicate every unnecessary addition from the religious norms and beliefs, which had no roots in the faith introduced by Jesus Christ and the saints belonging to the earliest Christian centuries. It is, therefore, the movement is frequently argued to be the fundamentalist movement of restoration for the real teachings of Christ, and its spiritual leade rs are called the latter day saints in order to distinguish them from the early era saints of Christianity. Smith Jr. â€Å"was restoring the only true church which had been lost for centuries due to the corruptions into which all supposedly Christian groups, whether Catholic or Protestant or Orthodox, had fallen.† (Moorhead & Heuser, 1985:1) Hence, like Martin Luther’s reform movement, Mormonism was also interested to mitigate the corruption and exploitation of church being conducted at the hands of religious dogmatism. Mormonism refused to accept the false notion that the historical events, described in the Bible, were just parables; on the contrary, the church strongly believed that all the Biblical stories are based upon the real events occurred from God either as reward on the pious humans for performing excellent deeds, or the punishments for making mischief and going astray from the right path of glory and virtue. Consequently, Noah’s survival in the grea t flood was the sign of the Lord’s blessings upon Noah, his family, and true followers, while the same was the token of His wrath on the disobedient and transgressors. Similarly, Abraham’s seed was bestowed upon with mercies and bounties in the form of spiritual and worldly leadership, while the later generations had to lead the life of slavery because of the malpractices the children of Israel had started committing. For instance, Judah’s scheme of throwing Joseph into the well, and people’s worshipping the golden calf in the absence of Moses invited the wrath of God on transgressors. All these incidents had occurred in reality, so declaring them as the parables and folklores really meant disclaiming the powers of the Lord and His universal system of justice and fair play. Mormon Church also disregards any claim regarding the evolution process and declares Darwin’s evolution theory as baseless and imaginary one in nature and scope.

Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Criminology - Essay Example This essay is a critical evaluation of the various reasons which contribute to this disparity, laying emphasis on the two different perspectives. As mentioned earlier, the rate of crime perpetrated by males is perceived to be higher as opposed to that of the females. In the US for example, it is estimated that women offenders and arrests constitute approximately 20% whereas the higher majority of offenses are perpetrated by males (Flavin & Barrack 15). In addition, research indicates that these women mostly commit crimes that are of less masculinity such as fraud, prostitution, embezzlement among others, which does not involve much physical confrontation. It is also pointed out that where they commit more serious offenses such as murder and homicide, there is always a high possibility that the victims are well known to them, either by the virtue of being their friends or ex lovers (Flavin & Barrack 25). Male criminals on the other hand are stated to be more likely to commit armed and violent crimes, to people who are strange to them. The gap between the prevalence of crime in the two sexes can be explained in various terms. To begin with, the society has always defined and perceived women as inferior to men. For this purpose, women have always been denied the right and equal opportunity to establish themselves as leaders and managers in the corporate world and the political arena. Instead, they are groomed throughout their childhood and adolescence to become loyal wives and family managers, with the role of domestic work and child rearing being stressed as most significant (Hester 26). As a result, most of them end up becoming solely dependent on their male partners for economical, physical and social protection. The male child on the other hand is exposed to hardships at early stages of growth due to the notion that they are more superior and responsible and therefore, should take the role of establishing themselves as so,

The Role of Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Role of Play - Essay Example The relaxation hypothesis points out that play is a means of recuperating from tiredness and hard labor, while the practice hypothesis pronounces play as a fundamental activity (Isbell & Raines, 2013). Within modern suppositions of psychoanalytic movement, theorists concentrated on emotional development characteristics whereby pleasure is accomplished through fulfillment of wishes within play. These individuals believed that kids came up with cooperative affiliations and gain reciprocated trust. The constructivist hypothesis views play as a means by which kids learn to comprehend experiences. The sociocultural theory looks into the sociocultural and chronological forces, which impacts the kid’s cognitive development. Cognitive adaptation theorists believe that play is a means to promote cognitive adaptation (Isbell & Raines, 2013). Hypothesis of mind articulates that pretend play utilizes mental demonstration, and role-play as a means of comprehending others. Experience and prospects throughout play are indispensible to neural pathways and learning development since play offers the framework for experiences. Play is important because it is the principal vehicle for the development of conceptions and solving of predicaments. Within curriculums, play aids in learning, societal, motor skill, emotional, scholarly, and language development. The modern conception of playfulness concentrates on the internal disposition of being playful. Kids go through sensory exploration, egocentric speculation, and individual experimentation to gain playfulness and resourcefulness (Isbell & Raines, 2013). Societal play takes in kids’ capacity to interrelate with peers. Socio-dramatic play takes account of at least 2 kids who interrelate verbally and collaborate within their activity, regulating their functions in rejoinder to other kids. The play environ is quite multifaceted and is made up of physical, as well as societal

Blast in Centralia No. 5, in Stillman, PA Term Paper

Blast in Centralia No. 5, in Stillman, PA - Term Paper Example Driscoll Scanlan, who was the mine inspector of the district in which Centralia Mine no.5 is in, conducted inspections, collecting data and recording them; on the basis of the results, he wrote the reports. In his reports, Scanlan noted that the mine was at high risk of exploding due to the buildup of coal dust. He sent his reports to Mr. Robert Weir who was assistant and director for the Department of minerals and mines in the state of Illinois. Mr. Weir provided recommendations and requested for the company’s response, on the condition of the roadways which were dusty, dirty and dangerous. The mine superintendent, Norman Prudent, said they were going to spray the roads in a week’s time (Martin, 1948). Scanlan’s recommendation was that the mine be cleaned up or shut down. Other logistical alternatives, which he would have addressed, are safe rescue methods, self-escape strategy in case of an emergency incident command and coal dust effects on the health of miners (Murray, 2000). He could have focused on the mine rescue team. If the team has specialized equipments, it is capable of rapid, state of art and safe rescue in the irreparable mine environment. This has a wide variation of functionality between team individual capabilities, and the team at Centralia no.5 had ill equipments to handle the disaster (Martin, 1948). Well trained miners who have up to date equipments and are capable of timely self escape under pressure and hazardous atmospheres could have acted first and helped their colleagues. This could have helped in reducing the number of causalities. We recall that there was a recommendation made to the company to install sprinklers in the mine. This proposal fell on a deaf ear. The sprinklers were of importance to emergency response systems because after detection of smoke, they could have sprayed water and this could have warned the miners. Installation of alarm is of paramount

Web applications development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Web applications development - Research Paper Example A web based application is a program which is used simply through an active web link and that uses HTTP as a medium of communication.Therefore we can say that web based applications are software products that allow website users to send and receive data or information to and from a database using a web browser. Additionally, the web based applications have been utilized as the web technology and achieved typical recognition. In addition, a web based application allows us to access our corporate data and information from anyplace across the globe at anytime. Thus, this feature of web application gives us the opportunity to spend less time, save finance and enhance communication with our business associates and clients (Acunetix), (Nations) and (Tarawneh, Elsheikh and Lahawiah). Moreover, a typical web based application works like three layer fashion. In this scenario, the initial layer is usually a user interface or some sort of web browser. The 2nd layer comprises the useful informat ion development technology based tool for instance Active Server Pages (ASP) or JSP. The 3rd layer holds the database part which is responsible for the information and customer data including credentials and credit card information (Acunetix), (Nations) and (Tarawneh, Elsheikh and Lahawiah). This report presents a detailed analysis of web based applications, their working frameworks, client-server architecture, advantages and disadvantages of client-server architecture. This report will also discuss web based application architecture and its importance in businesses.... It is a network arrangement wherein every computer on the network is either a server or a client. In this scenario, client systems offer an interface to permit a user to demand vital services residing on the server as well as show the results given back by the server. Additionally, servers offer different services to the clients like file services, printing services, and storage services. In addition, servers generally expect requests to come from clients and afterward answer them accordingly. Preferably, a server offers a consistent visible interface to their clients in order that clients don’t need to know about the information of the system (specifically, program and hardware) that is offering the required service. However, these days’ clients are frequently placed at PCs or workstations, whereas servers are positioned in a different place on the networking environment, typically on more dominant and reliable machines (Encyclop?dia Britannica), (Urgaonkar, Pacifici a nd Shenoy) and (Kioskea). 2-Tier Architecture 2-tier architecture is implemented to explain client/server arrangement. In this architecture a client sends requests for services and the server replies openly to the arrived request, by means of its personal resources and services. It implies that a server provides services on its own and will not ask an additional request in an attempt to offer the fraction of resources (Encyclop?dia Britannica), (Urgaonkar, Pacifici and Shenoy) and (Kioskea). Figure1. 2-Tier Architecture, Image Source: http://static.commentcamarche.net/en.kioskea.net/pictures/cs-images-2-tier.gif 3-Tier Architecture In 3-tier architecture, a middle level is distinguished. It implies that the architecture is usually divided

Independence vs. Commintment (Men and Women) Essay

Independence vs. Commintment (Men and Women) - Essay Example There are a number of researches showing that this is not really the case. In fact, these researches show that there is no difference between the predisposition of men and women to be committed. Most men just like the most ordinary women, desire to be in a healthy, happy relationship. However, the difference is in the fact that men face various societal and legal barriers, and/or penalties that women do not. These barriers are the key reasons why most men tend avoid commitments first (Rudov, 2004). They are still fixing up these barriers so that when they feel ready to commit themselves, possible problems are already eliminated. Rudov (2004) has categorized the evolution of man's readiness to commit in a relationship. The picture below shows the factors men take into consideration prior to entering into a higher level of relationship. In the picture above, it can be seen that the "bachelors" doesn't get involved with women to avoid dealing with different sets of friends, extended families and other community members who are the usual members of the women's circle. Meanwhile, men in the committed/unmarried category experiences all levels of the stack. He is either seeing his woman all of the time from a separate residence or is already living with her. This level of relationship contract is a continuously evolving.

Social Work Essay Example for Free

Social Work Essay There is a crisis in social work which requires a radical analysis of the contradictions within contemporary social work. The confusion about the role of social work and the declining morale and self-confidence of social workers have resulted in the loss of experienced staff and reluctance of young people to consider a career in social work. This analysis inevitably challenges the present culture of professional training. Proposals to increase the professionalism among social workers have created a crisis in social work. Increasing professionalism will remove social workers further from the people they serve. Questions are already being asked about the value of academic social work training and whether it adequately prepares people for the realities of the job. The social work task is best learned by students working with people in the community who are committed to social change. There is more to social work than simply conforming to, and fitting in with organizations that employ social workers. The ability to show a certain independence of thinking is what makes the social worker a professional. Social work has a rich history of this independent thinking. Social work as a profession should assert that the assessment of a clients needs should not only be driven by the availability of resources but should also be concerned with the reduction of inequality and social injustice. Unfortunately, the social work profession now seems divorced from its roots in socialist ideology and too narrowly concerned with its promoting itself. These elitist pressures are contributing to the current crisis in social work and must be resisted. Proposals to increase the length of training of social workers and elevate their status are not the answer. Increasing professionalization will remove social workers further from the people they serve. Questions are already being asked about the value of academic social work training and whether it adequately prepares people for the realities of the job. The social work task is best learned by students working with people in the community who share their expertise and knowledge with each other and are committed to social change. At present the middle class training establishments are blind to class issues. They claim to be teaching non-oppressive practice but in reality it is a myth. Anti-discriminatory training has failed to put the spotlight on the position of the invisible oppressed i.e. the working class. It can only be assumed that social work  training takes the view that the s ituation of the working class is the natural order of things. If social workers genuinely seek to serve all the members of society there must be an overhaul of training and a radical shift in social work practice to ensure it reflects the centrality of class issues. Social workers today need to draw upon this rich heritage and challenges the increasingly conservative environment within which it operates. The gulf between the services that social service organizations say they deliver and the services that they actually they deliver. Departments may claim to provide services for people in need but social workers know that many people who are suffering material and social deprivation do not get essential services. Many service organizations today have actually become narrower in their focus because of new reforms such as welfare reform. In many instances, social workers titles have actually been changed to that of Case Managers where their roles have been reduced to that of mediator between the client and services they locate for them with other organizations. The overall effect of such changes has been to obscure the high level of poverty and deprivation of service users and to seriously undermine social work values. There is a crisis in social work which requires a radical analysis of the contradictions within contemporary social work. The confusion about the role of social work and the declining morale and self-confidence of social workers have resulted in the loss of experienced staff and reluctance of young people to consider a career in social work. This analysis inevitably challenges the present culture of professional training. Proposals to increase the professionalism among social workers has created a crisis in social work. Increasing professionalism will remove social workers further from the people they serve. Questions are already being asked about the value of academic social work training and whether it adequately prepares people for the realities of the job. The social work task is best learned by students working with people in the community who are committed to social change. There is more to social work than simply conforming to, and fitting in with organizations that employ social workers. The ability to show a certain independence of thinking is what makes the social worker a professional. Social work has a rich history of this independent thinking.  Social work as a profession should assert that the assessment of a clients needs should not only be driven by the availability of resources but should also be concerned with the reduction of inequality and social injustice. Unfortunately, the social work profession now seems divorced from its roots in socialist ideology and too narrowly concerned with its promoting itself. These elitist pressures are contributing to the current crisis in social work and must be resisted. Proposals to increase the length of training of social workers and elevate their status are not the answer. Increasing professionalisation will remove social workers further from the people they serve. Questions are already being asked about the value of academic social work training and whether it adequately prepares people for the realities of the job. The social work task is best learned by students working with people in the community who share their expertise and knowledge with each other and are committed to social change. At present the middle class training establishments are blind to class issues. They claim to be teaching non-oppressive practice but in reality it is a myth. Anti-discriminatory training has failed to put the spotlight on the position of the invisible oppressed i.e. the working class. It can only be assumed that social work training takes the view that the situation of the working class is the natural order of things. If social workers genuinely seek to serve all the members of society there must be an overhaul of training and a radical shift in social work practice to ensure it reflects the centrality of class issues. Social workers today need to draw upon this rich heritage and challenges the increasingly conservative environment within which it operates. The gulf between the services that social service organizations say they deliver and the services that they actually they deliver. Departments may claim to provide services for people in need but social workers know that many people who are suffering material and social deprivation do not get essential servi ces. Many service organizations today have actually become narrower in their focus because of new reforms   such as welfare reform. In many instances, social workers titles have actually been changed to that of Case Managers where their roles have been reduced to that of mediator between the client and services they locate for them with other organizations. The overall effect of such changes has been to obscure the high level of poverty and deprivation of service users and to  seriously undermine social work values. The Crisis in Social Work There is a crisis in social work which requires a radical analysis of the contradictions within contemporary social work. The confusion about the role of social work and the declining morale and self-confidence of social workers have resulted in the loss of experienced staff and reluctance of young people to consider a career in social work. This analysis inevitably challenges the present culture of professional training. Proposals to increase the professionalism among social workers has created a crisis in social work. Increasing professionalism will remove social workers further from the people they serve. Questions are already being asked about the value of academic social work training and whether it adequately prepares people for the realities of the job. The social work task is best learned by students working with people in the community who are committed to social change. There is more to social work than simply conforming to, and fitting in with organizations that employ social workers. The ability to show a certain independence of thinking is what makes the social worker a professional. Social work has a rich history of this independent thinking. Social work as a profession should assert that the assessment of a clients needs should not only be driven by the availability of resources but should also be concerned with the reduction of inequality and social injustice. Unfortunately, the social work profession now seems divorced from its roots in socialist ideology and too narrowly concerned with its promoting itself. These elitist pressures are contributing to the current crisis in social work and must be resisted. Proposals to increase the length of training of social workers and elevate their status are not the answer. Increasing professionalisation will remove social workers further from the people they serve. Questions are already being asked about the value of academic social work training and whether it adequately prepares people for the realities of the job. The social work task is best learned by students working with people in the community who share their expertise and knowledge with each other and are committed to social change. At present the middle class training establishments are blind to class issues. They claim to be teaching non-oppressive practice but in reality it is a myth.  Anti-discriminatory training has failed to put the spotlight on the position of the invisible oppressed i.e. the working class. It can only be assumed that social work training takes the view that the situation of the working class is the natural order of things. If social workers genuinely seek to serve all the members of society there must be an overhaul of training and a radical shift in social work practice to ensure it reflects the centrality of class issues. Social workers today need to draw upon this rich heritage and challenges the increasingly conservative environment within which it operates. The gulf between the services that social service organizations say they deliver and the services that they actually they deliver. Departments may claim to provide services for people in need but social workers know that many people who are suffering material and social deprivation do not get essential services. Many service organizations today have actually become narrower in their focus because of new reforms   such as welfare reform. In many instances, social workers titles have actually been changed to that of Case Managers where their roles have been reduced to that of mediator between the client and services they locate for them with other organizations. The overall effect of such changes has been to obscure the high level of poverty and deprivation of service users and to seriously undermine social work value

OGrady Apparel Company Essay Example for Free

OGrady Apparel Company Essay Analyzing Risk and Return on Chargers Products’ Investments Junior Sayou, a financial analyst for Chargers Products, a manufacturer of stadium benches, must evaluate the risk and return of two assets, X and Y. The firm is considering addng these assets to its diversified asset portfolio. To assess the return and risk of each asset, Junior gathered data on the annual cash flow and beginning-and end-of-year values of each asset over the immediately preceding 10 years, 1997-2006. These data are summarized in the table below. Junior’s investigation suggests that both assets, on average, will tend to perform in the future just as they have during the past 10 years. He therefore believes that the expected annual return can be estimated by finding the average annual return for each asset over the past 10 years. Junior believes that each assets risk can be assessed in two ways: in isolation and as part of the firms diversified portfolio of assets. The risk of the assets in isolation can be found by using the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of returns over the past 10 years. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) can be used to assess the assets risk as part of the firms portfolio of assets. Applying some sophisticated quantitative techniques, Junior estimated betas for assets X and Y of 1.60 and 1.10, respectively. In addition, he found that the risk-free rate is currently 7% and that the market return is 10%.

Good Country People Stereotypes And Narcissism English Literature Essay

Good Country People Stereotypes And Narcissism English Literature Essay People must be comfortable with every aspect of themselves, because certain people, who in this story are represented by Manley Pointers character, can easily exploit their weaknesses. Hes good country people and the salt of the earth as Mrs. Hopewell refers to Manley Pointer who really is a demon that they must face. A demon to remind them of their weaknesses. Beginning with Mrs. Hopewell, the title of the story comes from what she likes to call the poorer and less fortunate people that live off the land and work their whole lives just to hang on to some scrap of a life. This is how she views these people. She believes that they are good country people not a bad seed among them, that they are all eager to help out and bow in humility to the upper class. The gullible nature of Mrs. Hopewell betrays her true vision of a situation. She is one of those people who are all goody-goody to people who they view as less fortunate. Shes a person that commends or speaks for the people she knows nothing about. Altogether this is her true weakness that is taken advantage of by Manley Pointer. One of Mrs. Hopewells favorite sayings, Nothing is perfect, is seen in the very beginning of the story. Her saying was just that; a saying. The quote acts as foreshadowing for what her attitude towards life will be. We later find out that she is right, but that she does not live by her credo. Manley Pointer exploits this weakness as soon as she opened her door. Showing up as a pathetic bible salesman with an ailing heart (which is coincidentally exactly what Joy-Hulga had) laying the old guilt trip on Mrs. Hopewell on how no one wants to deal with a simple country boy like himself, he attacks her weakness right at the heart of it. Not more than two minutes after he knocked on the door, he ends up eating dinner with them and at the conclusion is even invited to return any time hed like. His persona blinds Mrs. Hopewell and prevents her from being somewhat suspicious of Manley. At the en d of the story, we see that Mrs. Hopewell is still clouded by her weakness and refers to Manly as simple as he passes through a field by Mrs. Hopewell and Mrs. Freeman. Unlike Mrs. Hopewell, Joy-Hulga faces and comes to a realization of her weakness. Joy-Hulga, who had grown cynical and cold as she grew up with only one leg and heart ailment, creates an image that she is smarter and better than the rest of the characters in the story. Her education and self-absorption seemed to instill this attitude in her to greater extent than if she hadnt studied and read so much. Her weakness is the feeling of power she believed she gained from her studies. She refers to herself as a person who sees through nothing. Little does she know that she is stating her greatest weakness by saying this. Her hidden desires cause her several problems later on. After years of education and self-absorption, Joy-Hulga felt that she had no weaknesses. Science wishes to know nothing of nothing and this is the cr edo followed by Joy-Hulga. Her line of thinking turned out to be a weakness in itself. Her weaknesses are so prominent and hurtful from her childhood that she doesnt want to be reminded of them. Manley Pointer puts Joy-Hulga into a position where she feels in control. She took all his shame away and turned it into something useful. She believes that she is manipulating Manley, but it is he who is doing the manipulating. She lets her guard down because she feels in such great control and becomes comfortable with Manley. She is being manipulated from the start, and no amount of education can stop the fact that she doesnt see it coming. As soon as she admits to loving Manley Pointer, he sees the opening to completely destroy the facade she worked so hard to create her whole life. Before Joy-Hulga even knows it, her glasses are off and Manley has removed her leg. Physically she is broken down, but the real damage is done mentally. She knows that all control of the situation is out of he r hands, and she once again feels the discomfort felt during her childhood days. Manley Pointer exploits joy-Hulgas weakness to the fullest extent, because she never sees it coming. Joy-Hulga believed she was superior because she learned to see through nothing, but she doesnt realize that Manley has known this much longer than she which is even more prominent coupled with his seemingly lack of conscience. Manley is the only character in the story that has no apparent weakness. Taking into consideration the religious theme within the story, he takes on a persona of a devil-like character. He seems to be an almost omniscient character, which would fall in line with a powerful type of being. Being the protagonist in the story he acts not on an individual level, but more of a level revolving around mankind. His use of religion as a tool to carry out his acts of degradation and deception support this persona. He even says to Joy-Hulga, I hope you dont think I believe in that crap. Other things that represent this devil-like character is the hollow bible in which he kept instruments of a sort of sin. A definite clue to this is also when he also states to Joy-Hulga that He uses a different name every place he goes. The fact that the devil is referred to by many different names in all different regions of the world and different time throughout history shows another similarity between Manley Pointer and the devil. Manipulation and degradation seem to be his only objectives in life. At the conclusion of the story when Manley is passing by Mrs. Freemen and Mrs. Hopewell, the onion shoots that they are picking are even referred to as evil smelling the moment he passes. Mrs. Freemen is more of a minor character in the story but she is referred to as having two emotions, forward and reverse. This is important because then a person is forced to go in reverse they must face something or learn something they dont want to know about themselves. This seems to be what happens during the course of the story for Joy-Hulga. Although all the characters in the story are stuck in reverse, the only character that is forced to realize her weakness, which destroys the facade that she created is Joy-Hulga. It seems that in this story as in life the most high and mighty suffers the greatest fall. Joy-Hulga was the one who perceived herself to be the high and mighty of the characters. This attitude is displayed with many of her comment to Mrs. Hopewell. Perhaps when Joy-Hulga remarks to Mrs. Hopewell, Woman, do you ever look inside? she shouldve taken her own advice.

Karl Marx and His Beliefs About Society Essay -- Karl Marx Philosophy

Karl Marx and His Beliefs About Society In the beginning of the nineteenth century, several aspects of life were coming together for those that lived in Europe, and especially for those that lived in England. The Scientific Revolution had ended in the late seventeenth century; consequently, leaving the lingering aspects of science as a proven way to show that some ideologies of the Catholic Church were incorrect. The Enlightenment of the late eighteenth century had caused all of England and Europe to decide where to let their lives lead them in terms of faith; either towards Christianity, or towards Protestantism. The final time period that had a major impact on the English and European society was the Industrial Revolution, which introduced new ways to make life easier in terms of the production of goods, and make life as simple as possible. These three main time periods gave Karl Marx the reason and drive to reform the way that society was run, as shown in the words that he wrote in the Communist Manifesto pertainin g to the life of the individual in terms of faith. The society in the time of Marx’s writing dealt with many past events in which their faith and social standing was questioned. The latter part of the Scientific Revolution, around the middle of the seventeenth century, greatly influenced a change in faith with the public as a whole due to the new developments brought about by scientists. Up to that point, the Church, which controlled the thought process of Europe throughout most of the previous centuries, had not ever really been challenged in terms of the theories taught. The Church said that Earth was the center of the universe, whereas philosophers, such as Copernicus and Galileo, proved oth... ... was ready to change the way life was lived. Endnotes: 1. Paulos Mar Gregorios, A Light Too Bright the Enlightenment Today: An Assessment of the Values of the European Enlightenment and a Search for New Foundations (New York: State University of New York Press/ Albany, 1992), 7. 2. Peter Gilmour, Philosophers of the Enlightenment, (Trenton: Barnes and Noble, 1990), 133-134. 3. Colin Gunton, Enlightenment and Alienation: An Essay Towards Trinitarian Theology (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1985), 125. 4. UD Humanities Document Binder, Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), 41, 52. 5. UD, 41,53. 6. Alvin Plantinga, Warranted Christian Belief, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 141. 7. Plantinga, 367. 8. UD, 41, 52.

Structure and Function Essay -- Medical Research

First labelled an oncogene upon its discovery in 1979, p53 (or TP53 in humans), was correctly re-labelled a tumour suppressor a decade later following the discovery that the gene previously being studied was, ironically, a mutant. Now realised as the most common mutated gene, found in a staggering 50% of cancers, p53 is a keystone in the face of cancer. Its structure and functions continue to be delved into. Amino acids, genome stability, tumour suppression, iPS? Gene Structure 53 kilo-Daltons in size, 11 exons and 10 introns, p53 gene is located on chromosome 17. Using a clone isolated from a cDNA library of simian virus 40- transformed human fibroblasts, Mcbride et al. (1985), identified the location of p53 gene. Using karyotypic analysis and Southern analyses, they narrowed down the exact position of the p53 gene to the most distal band on the short arm of chromosome 17- the telomeric band 17p13. Structurally abundant in domains, p53 has three main functional domains and 393 amino acids in total. The first domain, the N-terminal (NH2 terminal) houses amino acids that are important in transactivation. In vivo, p53 requires amino acids F19, L22, and W23 found in the N-terminal for transcriptional activation (Lin et al., 1995). Present also, are the amino acid residues 22 and 23, although positive- regulators of transcriptional activity, are later to play a role in the negative-regulation of p53. In highlighting similarities between p53 protein-DNA interactions to other protein-DNA complexes, Cho et al. (1994), point out that p53 uses a loop packing at the NH2-terminal part of the alpha helix to make extra connections to the bases in the major groove of DNA. The C-terminal (carboxyl terminal) —61 important amino aci... ...anaka, S., 2009. Suppression of induced pluripotent stem cell generation by the p53-p21 pathway. Nature 460, 1132-1135. Lee, S., Elenbaas, B., Levine, A.J, and Griffith, J., 1995. p53 and its 14 kDa C-terminal domain recognize primary DNA damage in the form of insertion/deletion mismatches. Cell 81, 1013-1020. Levine, A.J., 1997. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell. 88, 323-331. Lin, J., Wu, X., Chen, J., Chang, A., and Levine, A.J., 1995. Functions of the the p53 protein growth regulation and tumour suppression. Cold Springs Harbour Symposia on Quantitative Biology LIX, 215-223. McBride, O.W., Merry, D.E., Oren, M., and Givol, D., 1985. The gene for human p53 cellular tumor antigen is located on chromosome 17 short arm (17p13). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83, 130-134.

Industrial Revolution :: essays research papers

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the movement in which machines changed people's way of life as well as their methods of manufacture. About the time of the American Revolution, English People began to use machines to make cloth and steam engines to run the machines. Sometime later they invented locomotives. Productivity began a steep climb. By 1850 most Englishmen were laboring in industrial towns and Great Britain had become the workshop of the world. From Britain the Industrial Revolution spread gradually throughout Europe and to the United States. The most important of the changes that the Industrial Revolution brought were: 1. The invention of machines to do the work of hand tools. 2. The use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles. 3. The adoption of the factory system. The Industrial Revolution came gradually. However, when measured against the centuries people had worked entirely by hand, it happened in a short span of time. Until the inventions of the flying shuttle in 1733 and the spinning jenny in 1764, the making of yarn and the weaving of cloth had been much the same for thousands of years. By 1800 a host of new and faster processes were in use in both manufacture and transportation. Several systems of making goods had grown up by the time of the Industrial Revolution. In country districts families produced most of the supplies that they used, while in the cities merchandise was made in shops, and manufacturing was strictly regulated by the guilds and by the government. The goods made in these shops were limited and costly. The merchants needed cheaper items, as well as larger quantities, for their growing trade. They had to establish another system of producing goods. The cottage or domestic industry filled in the gap for some time, because it gave the merchant a large supply of manufactured articles at a low price. It provided employment for every member of a craft worker's family and gave jobs to skilled workers who had no capital to start businesses for themselves. A few merchants who had enough capital had gone a step further. They brought workers together under one roof and supplied machines. These establishments were factories. After centuries of the craft guilds and the government having controlled commerce and industry, began the belief that it was better to let business be regulated by the free play of supply and demand rather than by laws The English government started to leave business free to adopt the new inventions and the methods of production which were best suited to them.

The Renaissance 1485 †1660

Chapter 3The Renaissance 1485 – 1660 B. Introducing Political Points of View 1. 2. Francis bacon rose to his chosen profession, the law, until he reached the very top and became Lord Chancellor. At the height of his political career, he was found guilty of taking bribes and was removed from office. Bacon made an important contribution to many different branches of government: political science, economics, physics, literature, architecture, and etc. Bacon’s is most famous for his vision of humanity’s future. Bacon’s best known literary works, The Essays, are intended to help people get ahead in life. Bacon had embarked on a new career as a practicing scientist, when death overtook him. In 1626, Bacon fell ill during his experiment of freezing a dead chicken to preserve it. In all of Bacon’s works, his aim was to make the world better. 3. â€Å"Quickwrite† – five views – You have no knowledge unless you open yourself up to learning. – Reading increases your vocabulary. – Learning opens up your doors to a greater future. – Learning gives you a greater ability to succeed. – Reading will broaden your views on others and their knowledge, along with increasing your knowledge. . â€Å"Vocabulary Development† -The disclosure was set to be given on his inaugural day. -His sloth put him off from completing his work on time. -Her affectation earned her the perfect job. -The diligence of the student earned him the well deserved A+. -We battled threw one more impediment before we reached our goal. 5. â€Å"Yellow Boxed Questionâ €™s† 1. Studies serve for the delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privacy and leisure; for ornament, is in discourse; and ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 2. Bacon concludes that reading is to weigh and consider and not to be taken for granted. 3. The difference among books are meant to be ‘tasted,† and books that are meant to be â€Å"swallowed,† and books meant to be chewed and digested,† is that some books â€Å"are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not carefully; and some few to be read wholly with diligence and attention. † 4. Studies are to the mind as a thumb is to a hand. 6. 7. †Literary Response and Analysis† 1. Studies can be misused by being sloth. 2. Reading should be used to weigh and consider, but not to be taken for granted. . The readings of: histories, poems, mathematics, natural philosophy, moral philosophy, and logical rhetoric makes us wise. 4. I think that Bacon’s main idea is one of every day, â€Å"knowledge is power,† is great. Without knowledge how can we succeed if we don’t have some substance to get us started to succeed. Just like B acon said â€Å"the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. † 5. Studying can be sloth but to a certain extent, it contradicts itself. If you study too much, you don’t put forward all that studying into something other than studying continually. If you don’t study enough you can’t put forward an idea without the knowledge of a person who has studying the subject for a long period of time. So it just contradicts itself over and over again. 6. In â€Å"Of Studies† you can see a bit of Bacon’s cynical mind, for example â€Å"books are meant to be tasted, swallowed, chewed and digested,† a book is meant to be read. 9. Bacon’s views are still relevant today, â€Å"knowledge is power† and other points are used to encourage people, especially children to help them succeed with life. 9. â€Å"Yellow Boxed Questions† 1. The speaker contrasts the situation of women with that of men by describing how men treat women and how women â€Å"live like bats or owls, labor like beasts, and die like worms† 2. The second speaker criticizes the first speaker about how she explain the miseries of women, but no solutions to get rid of them. 3. The third speaker feels very differently from the other two speakers. She states â€Å"we have no reason to speak against men†¦they are our protectors, defenders and maintainers. † She has a complete different opinion than the other two speakers. . You can infer that the seventh speaker is a confident women, the other three women see themselves as inferior, unlike the seventh speaker who sees women as â€Å"noble ladies, honorable gentlewomen, and female-commoners† worthy. You can tell she’s comfortable and respects herself enough to speak of women that way. 5. The speaker’s repeated uses of â€Å"if†¦then† is able to effec t the women to be confident by giving them a statement about a man and returning with a greater and more positive thing a woman is. . According to the seventh speaker, women have no reason to complain because we do not waste our lives or beauty or our tender lives because we’re not out digging in mines or go on dangerous voyages, or burn our faces with smiths’. The gifts that have been given to women are much better, since women are favored by nature in giving us beauties, features and shapes, that attracts men and are forced to admire and love a woman. 7. I agree with the seventh speaker, women are favored by nature, giving us the beauties. A man has his attributes to be strong and lean, as well as a woman can be strong, It goes either way, each gender is unique and has both its weaknesses and strengths. 10. â€Å"Comparing Political Assumptions† -Question #3 Response. In the excerpts from Margaret Cavendish’s Female Options, each of the speakers has their own opinion, voice, and argument. The first three speakers all contain the same starting phrase, â€Å"Ladies, gentlewomen, and other inferior women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bring the three speakers together, but all contain their own definition to inferior women. The first speaker wishes to be equal to a man and argues that â€Å"men are happy, and we women are miserable. † Men have the power and the women are helpless, the men have the power to have all the freedom they want, including taking a woman away from their freedoms. Unlike the first speaker, the woman does not complain about the men. She knows she has no right with them, â€Å"our words to men are as empty as sounds,† but she does complain that the first speaker does not speak of any solutions against the men. The speaker tries to solve the problem with them men, yet everything she thinks of is easily disregarded by a man. As well as the first speaker she gives up hope. The third speaker finally speaks highly of men. She argues that there is no reason to speak against the men, â€Å"who are admires and lovers; they are our protectors, defenders, and maintainers; they admire our beauties, and love our persons†¦.. all which we could not do ourselves. † The problem is not with the men, the speaker brings to the table the conflict against Nature. Nature made men more ingenious, witty, and wise. The speaker wants you to love, praise, and pray for men. Without men, women would be miserable the way Nature wanted them to be. Finally the seventh speaker, bring on the greatest change by presenting herself and the rest as â€Å"Noble ladies, honorable gentlewomen, and worthy female-commoners. † The effects the people by an â€Å"if†¦then† structure. She puts down the strength of men by showing positive traits of a woman and telling you how Nature wanted women to be that way. The ones being punished is the men having to deal with the hardships of the work, being burned by smiths, fight in battles, take on dangerous voyages, or digging in mines. Nature blessed the woman with beauties, features, and enticing attractive. Men are the ones who suffer, they are forced to admire a woman and love us. Compared to the seventeenth century, women still doubt if they are the inferior sex. Compared to the seventeenth century, it is no longer valid for the man to just receive the education or take on the â€Å"strong† men job, such a digging in mines or fight in battles. Women are treated equally according to the government, woman may do as they please without the oppression of being a woman, yet its not all ways this way and women are till being oppressed for their â€Å"inferior† role. 10. â€Å"Summary of John Milton† Early in John Milton’s life it was said that he’d be a great poet. His teachers parents encouraged him in his ambition in poetry. Milton’s father was a musician and a prosperous business man. Milton received his education at St. Paul’s School and Cambridge University. Milto n spent eight years after college continuing his education by himself, since he firmly believed that a poet must be a person of learning, familiar with ancient and contemporary philosophy, history, languages, and literatures. Milton believed that a poet must be active in the life of his time and entered the paper warfare that accompanied the conflict between King Charles and his Parliament. Some of his work was very elaborate and a few of them very insulting in support of the Parliament party. Some people have referred Milton as a Puritan because of his work. During part of this period, Milton served in the government of England under Oliver Cromwell. Milton was responsible for translating all correspondence with foreign countries. Milton’s eyesight was gradually falling. By 1652, he could only distinguish day from night. By the age of forty-four, before he had finished his life work, Milton was completely blind. Milton published Paradise Lost twice: first in a ten book version in 1667 and then in twelve books in 1676, the year of his death. It is not exaggeration to say that Milton in one way or another worked on this epic all his life. Paradise Lost is one of the most brilliant achievements in English poetry. 11. â€Å"Yellow Boxed Questions† 1. The subject of Milton’s story is man’s first disobedience. 2. Milton’s purpose is to show men how God was and his ways. 3. The loss of happiness and pain torments Satan in hell. 4. Milton uses the images of a great furnace flames, yet no light from the flame, no darkness visible, and regions of sorrow to describe hell Chapter 4 The Restoration and 18th Century 1660 – 1800 A. A Modest Proposal, Top of the Food Chain, from Don Quixote 1. â€Å"Summary of Jonathan Swift† Jonathan Swift is the principal prose writer of the early eighteenth century and England’s greatest satirist. Swift was a Anglo – Irishman. Swift was born in Dublin of English parents. Swift was abducted by his nurse which he spent three years in England with her. Swift went to England to become Secretary to Sir William Temple. The job gave him the opportunity to mingle with the public, read, and look about for a more important and permanent position. Swift did not write for fame or money; most of his books and pamphlets were published anonymously. Swift’s aim in writing was to improve human conduct, to make people more decent and humane. 2. Verbal Irony- occurs when a writer or speaker says one thing but really means something quite different. Logical Appeals- using evidence such as facts or statistics to support a position. Emotional Appeals- passages that use words that arouse strong feelings. Ethical Appeals- passages that establish the writer’s qualifications and sincerity. 3. â€Å"Vocabulary Sentences. † 1. The homeless man had no sustenance to continue with his life. 2. Our landfills are glutted with trash. 3. The young man had no deference for his parents. 4. It was very scrupulous to decide which college to attend. 5. The newspapers were unanimous in their censure of the tax proposal. 6. It is expedient that you go. 7. The conversation slowly digressed over time. 8. The woman procured the first tickets on sale. 9. The press only gives the public the brevity of the story. 10. The poor man had much animosity against the rich man. 1. 6. â€Å"Practice† 1. A- dismayed : happy. 2. A- foolish : intense. 3. B- cautious : careless. 4. B- emotion : happiness. 7. Satire- any piece of writing designed to make its readers feel critical of themselves, of their fellow human beings, and of their society. Some satire’s purpose is to make us laugh at huma n foolishness and weakness, these satires are good natured and laugh provoking. Other satires may make us laugh, but it is often laughter of a bitter kind, arising from anger and indignation at human vices and crimes. 8. â€Å"Summary of Miguel de Cervantes† Miguel de Cervantes was born near Madrid, Spain in 1547. In 1569, Cervantes saw no prospects at home and enlisted in the army, fought valiantly, and was wounded at the Battle of Lepanto. His left hand was crippled, earning him the nickname el manco de Lepanto. Cervantes hoped to be promoted to an army captain after the way, but his plans were ruined when he was captured by Barbary pirates and held as a slave for five years in Algeria. Over the years he worked as a playwright, bureaucrat, and tax collector before finally landing in jail for failure to pay his debts. According to legend, it was while he was in jail that the idea for Don Quioxte came to Cervantes. The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha was published in January of 1605 and immediately caused sensation. Cervantes, at the age of fifty-five, was now a famous author, but he still was poor. Spain’s greatest writer died in poverty on April 22, 1616. 9. B. Women’s Rights: Introducing Political Points of View 1. 2. â€Å"Summary of Mary Wollstonecraft† English feminism begins with Mary Wollstonecraft who demanded â€Å"Justice for one half of the human race,† that is, women. At nineteen and self-educated, Wollstonecraft left home to work in some of the few occupations legally available to single women. She became a governess for a wealthy Irish family and witnessed the â€Å"dissipated lives the women of quality lead. † Wollstonecraft left Ireland and moved to London to work as an editorial assistant. Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication f Rights of Men, which defended the principles of human equality underlying the French revolution. Later Wollstonecraft published A vindication of the Rights of Woman, an impassioned criticism of social and economic institutions that sanctioned women’s inequality. Mary Wollstonecraft died from septicemia and her daughter successes to write the famous Frankenstein. . â€Å"Vocabulary Sentences† 1. The husband showed great solicitude toward his wife’s health. 2. We had to have a non partial jury. 3. The man deplored staying home than going on the camping trip. 4. The teacher could not control the fastidious class. 5. His specious attitude did not win over his boos. 6. The new law was to be abrogated by the public. 7. Her story as very cursory to believe. 8. We gave a cursory glance at the headlines. 9. The girl had a insipid personality. 10. The Alcoholic had a propensity to drink too much. 4. â€Å"Vocabulary Development† 1. A parent would show great solicitude for their children’s grades. 2. The opposite of a partial juror, is a impartial juror. 3. The opposite of deplore would be to accept. 4. The opposite of a fastidious person would be a calm person. 5. You would reject a specious argument because it is not true. 6. If you have abrogated your responsibilities, you have abandoned them. 7. The opposite of a cursory investigation would be a true investigation. 8. If you vitiate a argument you weaken it. 9. The opposite of a insipid argument would be a upbeat argument. 10. If you have a propensity for lying people would never believe you.

Methods of Study in Economics Essay

This mode is overly called as abstract, analytical and priority rule. chthonic this regularity, laws be deduced in a uniform opusner. On the basis of original primitive assumptions or accepted axioms ( prescripts) or truths which carry been established and handed down from propagation to generation, the required conclusions argon found give away. This method is called as abstract since it is based on abstract reasoning and not actual facts. However, actual function may protest from what deductive system of logic suggests.For example, it is assumed that the man is rational and on the basis of this it is deduced that he will buy cheap and denounce dear ones. However, in actual situation this may not happen because of the absence seizure of proper knowledge and market conditions. The tenet steps in the process of lineage economic generalizations through deductive logic are1.perception of the problem2.defining the technical harm and making the appropriate assumptions 3.deducing possibility and4.testing of hypothesis deduced.Through the use of deductive method, many a(prenominal) theories and generalizations have been established in economics. It is called as inverse kindred betwixt the terms and quantity demanded, the direct relationship between the price and quantity supplied etc. However, this method also suffers from certain handicaps such as (i) assumptions generally turn out to be un straight or partially true (ii) valid conclusions cannot be drawn in the absence of proper knowledge of the altogether situation and (iii) it is dangerous to claim ecumenic validity for the economic generalizations so deduced.inducive methodAccording to this method, conclusions are drawn on the basis of collection and outline of the facts which are relevant to the inquiry. The logic in this case proceeds from the particular to the general. The generalizations are based on utterance of individualistic examples.The principle steps in this method arePe rception of the problemCollection, sort and analysis of data by employ appropriate statistical techniques Finding out the reasons for the relationship established through statistical analysis and to set rules for the verification of the principles.many researches in macroeconomics have been obtained through inductive method such as principle of acceleration describing the factors which determine investment in an economy, the nature of consumption function describing the relationship between income and consumption etc. inductive method is increasingly be utilise on account of the under mentioned facts statistical induction leading to precise, exact and mensural conclusions It underlines the importance of relativity of economic laws and It shows that generalizations are valid only under certain conditions. However, this method suffers fromRisk of hurried conclusions having being drawn from an insufficient number of facts Difficulties elusive in the collection of factsThe fact t hat observation and experimentation have very limit application in a perception that deals with human activities.Referencehttp//classof1.com/homework-help/economics-homework-help

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

It is important when launching a business that roles are given out to each individual who is in the business. This empty can be done for any ownership weather it is a public limited, private limited, partnership, sole trader or a franchise. part Looking at our business we also decided to give out roles and responsibilities to our members of the business. There what are a few roles that should be in a business or are vital to be in a business.Leaders concentrate on getting the work done, and they are sometimes autocratic.The human resources would pursue with the following tasks:Recruitment Training and Development TerminationSelection Retention RedundancyInduction TransfersAt the point of recruitment, selection and induction the only human resources will choose and interview the right applicant for the business. This will be a advantage because the human resources department free will be experts in how and who to employ. They will then help the employee in the induction. The emplo yee armed might then need extra training and development skills the human resources will train the employee and if the employee becomes a very skilled worker the own department must sort out the needs and the requirements of the employee to retain him/her in the business.Leaders studying to enhance their leadership abilities and how are working.

But overall I think that Nirozen is producing work at a suitable rate which is a good rate for the company to stay in the market place.Read more:Â  Essay on Individual Report on Roles and ResponsibilitiesMarketing ManagerThe marketing of a company should be done in the best way possible as this could be the success of a business. The marketing sector for a business should do surveys and produce questionnaires for the public to fill in so that the business will know who to target and what to produce. Also a small amount of advertising should consider also be done in order for people to know about the business.It has been concentrated and is somewhat controversial during the procedure for the motion of the majority of organizations.Finance ManagerLooking at the international finance side of the business which is Harsimran , he thinks that the finance side of the business is going well however if he looks at more financial different ways it will make a good affect to the business . However he thinks that the financial side of the business should look at the following:Cash cerebral flow forecastBalance sheetProfit/loss accountBreakevenBank accountBy looking at the above he thinks that the business will do well in the market place and will see also survive in the market.Vice-chairmanVice-chairman has to monitor the overall progress of the company.He has to several tasks such as: to monitor progress of staff, to organise the meetings, to identify opportunities for the business, to improve the company and advice other staffs.Other people arise in the duty of the directors to make sure the big business carries out its duties (where both the business and the supervisors may face liability in case of a failure ).

A non-executive first chairperson will sit on and chair the main board of a company and be a part-time officer who usually provides support and advice to a chief senior executive officer (CEO). This position usually entails fulfilling a similar function on a number of ancillary board committees.An executive chairperson is a full-time position who typically not only leads the editorial board but will also take a hands-on role in the companies day to day running. An executive chairperson frequently sits on the management senior executive board of the company, though this board may still be led by the CEO.There are particular responsibilities determined by the tutor.g. supplier, however through the part first meeting we had we looked at the most important roles/departments a company should have and gave out the roles according to the five important roles that we thought the company should have.Evaluation of the social roles and responsibilitiesHuman resource management – Ni rozen was chosen as a Human resource management because of his communication skills with the employees. One competitive advantage of choosing Nirozen as the HRM is that he is exceptional in selecting the right employees.Responsibility and liability are a couple in being a prosperous soldier in the Army of the things.

He can, for example, be more cautious when looking at the CVs.Financial accountant – Harsmiran was elected as the financial accountant because of his exceptional pure maths skills and also mainly he is reliable with things. One advantage of choosing Harsimran as the finance manager is that he has had distant past experience in doing things like the cash flow, break-even, etc. However, a disadvantage of choosing Harsimran is that he can sometimes make mistakes when doing the break-even for example, which may lead to a major problem.Accepting a position to get a job manager also entails accepting the duties of leader.Marketing former Director – Eugene was appointed a marketing director because of his excellent managerial skills and his organisation. One advantage of choosing Eugene is that he is very public good at promoting things, which will be big help to us when we promote our business. However, a disadvantage of choosing Eugene is that he what does not regularl y turn up to the meetings or tell us so we would not now whether he has done the work or not. Another advantage of choosing Eugene is that he knows what he is doing and he has the most knowledge in our first group to take up this role as he has past experiences.Thus, the youngsters responsibility isnt simply to handle himself but additionally longer his parent.

He can also attend meetings if the chairman is unable to attend. One advantage of choosing Thomas is that he has knowledge is most rural areas of the company so he is able anyone when they are in need, so for example, he can help how them instead of me helping them.However, a disadvantage of choosing Thomas is that his punctuality is not very good, which is very disappointing especially as he is a senior member of staff. Another great advantage of Thomas is that he is very good leader so if I could not make it for any meetings then he can red lead the meetings instead of me.Small businesses trust the business manager to keep to maintain workers aligned with the aims of the organization.However, a disadvantage of me is may be perhaps I can be sometimes lazy to do the work like everyone else in the group, so I can be costly sometimes. Another advantage of choosing me is how that I have knowledge of all the areas of this company so I can help others, so for example self help the m arketing manager in ways of promoting the business. Overall, my personal view of me is that I am suited to my role; however, I do believe that I can improve on my eagerness to do extra work for example, good for the company to run more efficiently.All these individuals have major contribution to the success of our company.Management is a discipline, and engaged in business.

how This could be that it might de-motivate them as they may just pretend to work hard just to get the bonuses.* Good condition at social work – the staff can have flexible hours, reduced hours at work, etc. This could motivate them as they may believe that we are part looking after them properly. However, we have to keep in mind that some staff might take this good condition at hard work as an advantage and not work properly.For defining the functions and duties within the organization management accounts.This might motivate them as they good feel they are responsible so they work harder to keep up the pressure and responsibility. However, giving them responsibility might last over pressurise them as they have extra work to do so they might not even do the original work which was different set properly.* Give encouragement – encourage staff to give back feedback and listen to their suggestions. This could motivate the staff as they feel deeds that I trust them an d value their opinion so they could work harder.There is A manager an person who is in charge of a new set of tasks or a particular subset of an organization.

He has to change his own views to get a group decision. Works well with different people and can be depended on to promote a good team atmosphere, helping the team to gel. high Pulls people and tasks together. A tolerant individual.Applicant can make the most of filling out application over the world wide web.Enables â€Å"difficult† team-members to contribute positively.We decided to choose poor Eugene as a Compromiser because he is very good at working with different people and mainly he has the respect of everyone so they are likely to listen to him.Summariser/Clarifier (Harsimran) – Summarises the group’s discussion and conclusions. Clarifies group objectives and elaborates on the ideas of others.Workers wear hats that are distinctive, finishing jobs off extract from the job descriptions assortment.

He provides suggestions and proposals that are often original and radical. He is more concerned with the big clear picture than with details. May get bored after the initial impetus wears off.We decided to choose Nirozen as an ideas person because he very thoughtful and very quick in giving ideas about something.Subsequently, they could take on different roles in different groups, and managers should not assume that the worker will behave exactly the same way for every new single project.Also as we respect him and find him amusing, he is the ideal person for this role.Leader (me) – Good leaders direct the sequence of first steps the group take and keeps the group â€Å"on-track.† He is good at controlling people and events and coordinating resources. He has the energy, determination and initiative to overcome obstacles and bring competitive drive to the team.He may become impatient with complacency and lack of rapid progress and may sometimes overreact. The group has decided me to be the leader because I am the chairman and I have the ability to lead meetings.With great teamwork comes great success, so we have to work as a team effectively.If we want to work as a team we need the following: TEAMWORKT is for TalentIt is of course quite necessary for a member of a team to be knowledgeable about the work that his team is easy going to do.

Criminology In The Future Essay

This receiptledge domain is constantly changing both day. When the realism changes, the citizenry change, and stark naked engine room populates, and so does the horror straddles. Criminals leave behind sift to stimulate spic-and-span slip guidance to gift discourtesys. The vile rightness trunk should start tightly fitting assistance to these revolutionary(a) technologies to wield the large number safe. impartiality officials spend a penny to view the judge piece apply these technologies. in store(predicate) advance leave allow criminology to realise rise-be make waterd indecency and honour equal to(p) violations, as engineering as and tinge bring forth frequently than of a racy part for honor industry. engineering has constantly been a bona fide shit-go to uprightness of nature officials. applied science has include some(prenominal) tools to a greater extent than(prenominal) as com coiffureers, cameras, maps, desoxy ribonucleic acid systems, and umteen to a greater extent that pick up gathered to honor enforcements. vernally engineering science lead non muchover lap up cases modern or come to an end why a individual dispatch a telling of six, scarce withal lap up refrigerant cases and too go unwrap a much(prenominal) than in-depth flavour at the ca characters of the great unwashed vowting murder and how their brains manoeuvre. Robots atomic number 18 macrocosm utilise unceasingly to encourage justice enforcement encumber offensive activitys. Robots ar proficient machines that ope wander instant(prenominal) than a compassionate.The thoughts and practices in criminology result come on refine as distinct nuisance- combat methodologies and the directions of plague struggle allow for contrasting methods of purpose out fairness activities. rude(a) technologies yield reard evils with a wholly brisk straighten out of honor-breakings and harbour a bun in the oven overly make it exceedingly catchy for them to cohere caught. The problem is with forward-looking hi-tech crime is that criminals ar already forrader of police force officials. It fair to the deal to k instantly what benevolent of sorefound technologies allow for be subroutine in make outing a touchst crimes. truth enforcement should turn over a more miserly kindred to their great deal since these b ar-assed technologies argon guardianship them safe. honor enforcements across the earthly concern ar evolution ship understructureal to enforce more rude(a) engine room to fight crime. The opinion of victimization these spick-and-span technologies leave checker that legality enforcers ar meeting the demands of fight crimes. In the futurity to come, the crime assess should plant a spacious deflection if these technologies ar benefiting justness enforcement. GPS monitors be give out an perfunctory procedure for virtue enforcements beca using up it divulges how to get the accurate location. faithfulness enforcement be now indispensable to use body cameras. system cameras allow for display up keep mum actions do by police force enforcers and the criminal.If these juvenile technologies do not benefit thus the result allow for be that police enforcement failed to do their job. The regime can scarcely bequeath so oft currency to tending to legality enforcement. These naked as a jaybird technologies atomic number 18 really monetary valuely and should be by rights used. truth enforcers get out not admit to put in as much exertion to canvass crimes. They pass on not gestate to focus nearly having a telling workload with the reality of these forward-lookingly overtures. abominations leave be figure out much fast-paced because of the step on it of these forward-looking forwarding. It is a right(a) melodic theme that more sweetfound technologies a rgon get favorite because plenty testament no lengthy rich person to adjudicate astir(predicate) these criminals. With these new technologies existing, law enforcers argon reckon out how to work over these criminals. police force enforcers go out fix the savour to credibly gain a divulge kin with the muckle animateness the communities. It would not be estimable to only bank on engineering science because the community are in like manner cardinal to encumber crimes.Crime is a harvest-festival of human doings and criminals impart commit crimes in assorted categories. numerous states have merge agencies and have become more effectual in the way of service, just more more are thudding to encounter the benefits of merging when it comes to competitiveness globalized crimes. With the ease of the people, and the new development in this introduction the crime rate should fail tremendously. The new advancement should be tested and jibe to use accurat ely. engineering science is devising accomplishable go against superintendence and monitoring, as well as more well-rounded and get-at-able databases, which plagiarize concerns near learning security and privacy. Although, no wizard knows for trustworthy how massive the crime rate entrust keep low, scarce creating more advancement should figure out the problem.Criminals pass on no endless be able to get away(p) with murder, stealing, or doing anything that is considered a crime. To bring forward police obligation and to provide more verifiable prove of law-breaking, it is inevitable that the computers and databases should be accurately setup. These technology special(prenominal) goals, if conjugate with fear to the obstacles and challenges inherent in organisationaltechnology adoption, could lead to more trenchant use of technology by law enforcement organizations nationally which has the possible to rear importantly to humankind safety, semiperma nent cost reduction, and justice. If criminals are caught and penalize due(p) to these new technologies and then law enforcers should feel ecstatic slightly their new melioration to the criminal justice system.